Vehicular emission and fuel quality assumed greater significance with the passing of Clean Air Amendment Act of 1990 CAAA by US Congress Rapid proliferation of gasolinediesel vehicles since eighties and growing environmental pollution due to vehicular emission was a matter of concern and ID: 790283
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Slide1
Auto Fuel Policy
Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
Slide2Vehicular emission and fuel quality assumed greater significance with the passing of “Clean Air Amendment Act of 1990 (CAAA) by US Congress
Rapid proliferation of
gasoline/diesel
vehicles since eighties and growing environmental pollution due to vehicular emission was a matter of concern and attracted serious attention of the GovernmentVehicular emission norms for new vehicles notified for first time in India in 1991 for both at manufacturing stage as well as for in-use vehicles. Idle emission norms (PUC) for on-road vehicles came into force from 1991Major initiatives towards vehicular emissions and auto fuel quality launched with the notification under the Environment (Protection) Act 1996
Auto Fuel Policy: Background
2
Slide3Progressively vehicular emissions and fuel quality were tightened in 1996 and 2000
Lead
free gasoline for vehicles with catalytic converters introduced in 1995
India achieved totally lead free gasoline in Feb 2000RON of Gasoline increased from 87 to 89 in 2000Sulphur in Gasoline reduced
from 0.2 % wt to 0.1 % wt
in 2000. 0.05 %
wt ( 500 ppm) max sulphur for supplies to MetrosBenzene in Gasoline – 3 % vol. / 5 % vol. max. (metros/others)Diesel sulphur reduced from 1.0 % wt. to 0.25 % wt. (0.05 % wt. i.e. 500 ppm for Metros) in 2000.Diesel Cetane Number increased from 45 to 48 in 2000
Auto Fuel PolicyProgressive Improvements
3
Slide4“India 2000” vehicle emission norms equivalent to Euro-I – came into effect from year 2000
Bharat Stage II (equivalent to Euro-II) emission norms for new cars introduced in Delhi from year 2000 and extended to other 3 metros in 2001
Emissions norms for CNG and LPG vehicles notified in the year 2000 and 2001 respectively
In view of several recommendations given by various Ministerial Committees and intervention of the Hon’ble Supreme Court and High Courts, need for a comprehensive Government Policy on Auto Fuel was felt to avoid variance 4
Slide5The Govt. of India constituted a
n Expert Committee, under the chairmanship of Dr R. A.
Mashelkar
, DG, CSIR in September, 2001 to evolve a long term plan and road for implementationTerms of Referencerecommend an Auto Fuel Policy for the country including major citiesdevise a road map for its implementationrecommend suitable auto fuels and their specifications considering availability and logistics of fuel supplies
processing economics of auto fuelspossibilities of multi-fuel use in different categories of vehicles
recommend attributes of automobile technologies
fiscal measures for ensuring minimisation of social cost of meeting given level of environmental qualityinstitutional mechanisms for certification of vehicles and fuelsmonitoring and enforcement measures5Auto Fuel Policy Expert Committee
Slide6Auto Fuel Policy
Roadmap for Vehicular Emission Norms
6
Coverage
Passenger
Cars, Light Commercial Vehicles, & Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles
2/3 Wheelers
Entire Country
Bharat Stage II - 1-4-2005
(Euro II equivalent)
Bharat Stage II - 1-4-2005
Bharat Stage III
- preferably from 1-4-2008 but not later than 1-4-2010
Bharat Stage III
- 1-4-2010
(Euro III equivalent)
11 major cities*
(Delhi/NCR, Mumbai. Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad
Ahmedabad, Pune,
Surat
, Kanpur and Agra)
Bharat Stage II - 1-4-2003
(Euro II equivalent)
Bharat Stage III - 1-4-2005
(Euro III equivalent )
Bharat Stage IV * - 1-4-2010
(Euro IV equivalent)
Slide7The following road map was recommended:
Euro-III standard auto fuels for 13 identified cities & BS-II standard auto fuels for rest of the country w.e.f. 1.4.2005
Due to production, import & other logistics constraints, the actual implementation was phased over six months for different states / locations i.e. up to September 2005.Roadmap for Fuel Quality Implementation Status
7
Slide88
b) BS-IV auto fuels (Gasoline/Diesel) in NCR & 13 identified cities from 01.04.2010
Implemented w.e.f. 01.04.2010 in NCR-Delhi (comprising of 108 towns, of which 17 are class I cities), Mumbai, Chennai, Kolkata, Bangalore, Kanpur, Agra, Pune, Surat
, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad,
Lucknow
& Sholapurc) BS-III auto fuels (Gasoline/Diesel) in the rest of the country from 01.04.2010 As per the revised approval of the Government, implemented in a staggered manner between April 01, 2010 and September 22, 2010 due to production and logistic issues involved.Roadmap for Fuel Quality Implementation Status
Slide9Product
Quality
Specifications
Quality
Specifications
Gasoline
BS-II
Sulphur
- 500 ppm
Benzene- 3% (Metros) & 5% (Rest)
Euro-II
Sulphur
- 500 ppm
Benzene- 3%-5%
BS- III
Sulphur
– 150 ppm & Benzene – 1%
Euro- III
Sulphur
– 150 ppm & Benzene – 1%
BS-IV
Sulphur
– 50 ppm & Benzene – 1%
Euro-IV
Sulphur– 50 ppm & Benzene – 1%DieselBS-IISulphur– 500 ppm & Cetane No-minimum 48Euro-IISulphur- 500 ppm & Cetane No-minimum 48BS- IIISulphur–350 ppm & Cetane No-minimum 51Euro- IIISulphur–350 ppm & Cetane No-minimum 51BS-IVSulphur–50ppm & Cetane No-minimum 51Euro-IVSulphur–50 ppm & Cetane No-minimum 51
Comparison of important specifications
Slide10Consumption Share – Diesel & Gasoline
Average monthly Consumption of BS-IV Diesel has increased from 855 TMT (2011-12) to 928 TMT (Apr-Aug 2013)
Average monthly consumption of BS-IV Gasoline has increased from 316 TMT/month (2011-12) to 353 TMT/ month (Apr-Aug 2013)
Diesel
GRADE
2011-12
Share %2012-13Share %2013-14 (up to 31.08.13
)Share %BS-IV
10.2
15.9
11.1
16.1
4.6
16.0
BS-III
53.5
82.8
57.0
82.6
23.9
82.8
OTHERS
0.9
1.3
0.91.30.31.1TOTAL64.6100.069.0100.028.8100.0GasolineBS-IV3.824.13.924.81.824.3BS-III11.271.111.875.25.575.7OTHERS0.74.80.00100.0010TOTAL18.7100.015.7100.07.3100.0Qty. in MMT10
Slide11Consumption Share (%): BS-IV Gasoline
Though share of BS-IV Gasoline has come down from 24.8% in 2012-13 to 24.3% in April-August,2013, in volume terms average monthly consumption of BS-IV Gasoline has increased from 325 TMT/month (2012-13) to 353 TMT/ month (Apr-Aug 2013).
Drop in share is because growth in consumption is more in smaller towns (BS-II) than in major towns (BS-IV) due to improved public transport (Metro service in Delhi).
11
Slide12Consumption Share (%): BS-IV Diesel
Though share of BS IV Diesel has come down marginally from 16.1% in 2011-12 to 16 % in April-August,2013, in volume terms average monthly consumption of BS-IV Diesel has increased from 925 TMT/month (2012-13) to 928 TMT/ month (Apr-Aug 2013).
12
Slide13Expansion of BS-IV Auto Fuels
MoP&NG has decided to go beyond Auto Fuel Policy recommendations & expand BS-IV auto fuels to 50 more cities by March 2015 with preference to most polluted cities, state capitals & cities with million plus population subject to logistics constraints
The ministry has constituted a Committee under Addl. Director, PPAC for identifying these cities, which has already identified 17 more cities.
Out of these 17 cities, BS-IV fuels have already been expanded to:7 cities i.e. Puducherry, Mathura, Vapi, Jamnagar, Ankleshwar, Hissar & Bharatpur in 2011-12.6 cities i.e. Silvasa, Daman, Diu, Aligarh, Rae Bareilly & Unnao in April to October 2012.
4 cities i.e. Karnal, Kurukshetra
,
Yamunanagar & Valsad on 01.03.2013.13
Slide14Future Plans for BS-IV fuels extension
The Committee has identified following 15 cities for implementation in 2013-14 subject to logistics:
Nizamabad
, Medak , Mehboobnagar in Andhra Pradesh (3 cities) – already introduced on 05.07.2013 Panjim, Vasco, Madgaon, Mapusa & Ponda in Goa (5
cities) Ahmed Nagar & Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra (2 cities)
Kosikalan
& Vrindaban in Uttar Pradesh (2 cities) Dholpur & Hindaun in Rajasthan (2 cities)Kochi in Kerala (1 City) The remaining 18 cities shall be identified during 2013-14 to complete target of 50 cities by March 2015.14
Slide15Million Plus Population Cities / Urban Agglomerates
As per census data for 2011, there are 51 cities / Urban Agglomerates with population of million or more.
There were only 35 such cities & Urban Agglomerates (UA) as per census data for 2001.
The largest City / UA as per latest data is Greater Mumbai in Maharashtra with a population of 18.4 millions followed by Delhi (16.3 millions) & Kolkata (14.1 millions)The smallest City / UA to enter the list is Kota in Rajasthan with a population of 10,01,365, just above one million mark. Details15
Slide16Recommendations of Auto Fuel Policy - Status
Recommendations w.r.t. BS-III/IV auto fuels more than achieved
Oil industry has invested over
Rs 35,000 crore (US $ 7 billion) in upgrading facilities in refineries for production of BS-III/IV auto fuels.CNG extended to more than 60 cities and Auto LPG expanded to 270 citiesMinimum 5 % blending of Ethanol is gasoline has been made mandatoryDevelopment of bio fuels / diesel from non-edible oil (
Jatropha) has been taken up in big way
16
Slide17Recommendations of Auto Fuel Policy - Status
Following major recommendations yet to be implemented in respect of in-use vehicles :
Inspection & Maintenance system in 11 major cities and further extension to entire country
Replacement of existing PUC system for analysing 4 vehicular exhaust emissions (CO, HC, NOx, CO2)On Board Diagnostic System (OBD) in new vehicles
Retro-fitment of after treatment devices for reduced emissionsMandatory performance checking of catalytic converters
17
Slide18Auto Fuel Policy – Impact Analysis
CPCB Source Apportionment
Study – Broad Conclusions
Air quality in urban areas are affected by a variety of complex source mixPM pollution problem is significant and NO2 is the emerging pollutant. Both require immediate attention to control their emissionsLevels of PM10 and PM2.5 in the ambient air are significantly high irrespective of the type of locations
Standards of SPM, PM10, PM2.5 exceeded at almost all locations and in all seasons
18
Slide19Even
background locations indicate considerable levels of particulates, which could be occurring naturally and/or due transport of finer dustConcentration of pollutants are relatively higher at kerbside/ roadside
locations
Vehicles contribution at kerbside locations are much higher NO2 is emerging pollutantO3 is not of much concernMorning and evening peaks in CO levels corresponding to vehicular movementSignificant sources of particulate pollution from soil and road dust
Auto Fuel Policy – Impact Analysis
CPCB Source
Apportionment Study – Broad Conclusions19
Slide20Road
dust – prominent source contributing to coarser fraction of PM10
Combustion sources including vehicles, DG sets, refuse burning
etc emit particles in the finer size (< PM2.5)Significant quantities of SO4 and NO3 in PM10 indicates important contribution of secondary particlesWithin transport sector, PM10 contribution in terms of emission load is mainly from heavy duty diesel vehicles.Heavy duty vehicles are major contributor of NOx emissionRe-suspension of road dust and combustion sources including vehicles, refuse burning & DG sets emerge as prominent sources of PM in all cities
Auto Fuel Policy – Impact Analysis
CPCB Source
Apportionment Study – Broad Conclusions20
Slide21Gap in Fuel Quality
Indian auto fuel specifications versus specs in various countries such as Asia- Pacific region, European Union(EU), USA, indicate the following:
Indian specifications are better / at par with
most Asian countries.Indian specifications are at par with BRICS countries and moving at similar directionGap between Indian specifications and that of USA, EU, Japan, South Korea is reducingClean Development InitiativesFuel Quality ImprovementsBio Fuel Program (Ethanol, Bio Diesel)
Emission reduction through gas substitution (CNG)Energy Efficiency Improvements
21
Slide22Auto Fuel Vision & Policy 2025
Recommend roadmap for auto fuel quality till 2025 for the country, taking into account achievement under the last Auto Fuel Policy, emission reduction of in-use vehicles, growth of vehicles and supply and availability of fuels
Recommend suitable mix of auto fuels including gas and its specifications considering :
availability of infrastructure and logistics of fuel suppliesprocessing economics of auto fuelsimprovement in quality of fuel vis-à-vis improvement in vehicle engine technologyRecommend vehicular emission norms for various categories of vehicles and roadmap for their implementation.Recommend use of alternate fuels to minimise impact on environment
Recommend fiscal measures for funding requisite upgradation of oil refineries, logistics and removal of inter-fuel pricing distortions
22
Terms of Reference
Slide23Thanks
Slide24Status of Euro-IV in State Capitals
S.NO.
STATE
CAPITAL
BS IV IMPLEMENTED
S.NO.
STATE / UTCAPITALBS IV IMPLEMENTED1Andhra PradeshHyderabadYES
19NagalandKohima
NO
2
Arunachal Pradesh
Itanagar
NO
20
NCT of Delhi
Delhi
YES
3
Assam
Dispur
NO
21
Orissa
Bhubaneswar
NO4BiharPatnaNO22PuducherryPuducherryYES5ChhattisgarhRaipurNO23PunjabChandigarhNO6GoaPanajiNO24RajasthanJaipurNO7GujaratGandhi NagarYES25SikkimGangtokNO8HaryanaChandigarhNO26Tamil NaduChennaiYES9Himachal PradeshShimlaNO27TripuraAgartalaNO10J&KSrinagar /JammuNO28Uttar PradeshLucknowYES11JharkhandRanchiNO29UttrakhandDehradunNO12KarnatakaBengaluruYES30West BengalKolkataYES13KeralaThiruvananthapuramNO31
Andaman and Nicobar
Port Blair
NO
14
Madhya Pradesh
Bhopal
NO
32
Chandigarh
Chandigarh
NO
15
Maharashtra
Mumbai
/
Nagpur
YES
33
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Silvassa
YES
16
Manipur
Imphal
NO
34
Daman and Diu
Daman
YES
17
Meghalaya
Shillong
NO
35
Lakshadweep
Kavaratti
NO
18
Mizoram
Aizawl
NO
24
BS-IV Auto fuels have been expanded to 11 State Capitals.
Slide25State Name
Name of Urban Agglomeration/City
BS-IV
Population
State Name
Name of Urban Agglomeration/City
BS-IVPopulation MillionsMillions
MAHARASHTRAGreater Mumbai UA
Yes
18.4
PUNJAB
Ludhiana (M Corp.)
No
1.6
NCT OF DELHI
Delhi UA
Yes
16.3
MAHARASHTRA
Nasik
UA
No
1.6
WEST BENGAL
Kolkata UAYes14.1ANDHRA PRADESHVijayawada UA No1.5TAMIL NADUChennai UAYes8.7TAMIL NADU`Madurai UANo1.5KARNATAKABANGALORE UAYes8.5UTTAR PRADESHVaranasi UANo1.4ANDHRA PRADESHHyderabad UA Yes7.7UTTAR PRADESHMeerut UAYes1.4GUJARATAhmadabad UAYes6.4HARYANAFaridabad (M Corp.)Yes1.4MAHARASHTRAPune UAYes5.0GUJARATRajkot UANo1.4GUJARATSurat UAYes4.6JHARKHANDJamshedpur UANo1.3RAJASTHANJaipur (M Corp.)No3.1JAMMU & KASHMIRSrinagar UANo1.3UTTAR PRADESHKanpur UAYes2.9MADHYA PRADESHJabalpur UA
No
1.3
UTTAR PRADESH
Lucknow UA
Yes
2.9
WEST BENGAL
Asansol UA
No
1.2
MAHARASHTRA
Nagpur UA
No
2.5
MAHARASHTRA
Vasai Virar City (M Corp.)
No
1.2
UTTAR PRADESH
Ghaziabad UA
Yes
2.4
UTTAR PRADESH
Allahabad UA
No
1.2
MADHYA PRADESH
Indore UA
No
2.2
JHARKHAND
Dhanbad UA
No
1.2
TAMIL NADU
Coimbatore UA
No
2.2
MAHARASHTRA
Aurangabad UA
No
1.2
KERALA
Kochi UA
No
2.1
PUNJAB
Amritsar UA
No
1.2
BIHAR
Patna UA
No
2.0
RAJASTHANJodhpur UANo1.1KERALAKozhikode UANo2.0JHARKHANDRanchi UANo1.1MADHYA PRADESHBhopal UANo1.9CHHATTISGARHRaipur UANo1.1KERALAThrissur UANo1.9KERALAKollam UANo1.1GUJARATVadodara UANo1.8MADHYA PRADESHGwalior UANo1.1UTTAR PRADESHAgra UAYes1.7CHHATTISGARHDurg-Bhilainagar UANo1.1ANDHRA PRADESHGVMC (MC)No1.7CHANDIGARHChandigarh UANo1.0KERALAMalappuram UANo1.7TAMIL NADUTiruchirappalli UANo1.0KERALAThiruvananthapuram UANo1.7RAJASTHANKota (M Corp.)No1.0KERALAKannur UANo1.6
25
BS-IV Auto fuels have been expanded to 15 “million plus” cities.
Million plus Cities (2011)
Slide26Polluted Cities
on RSPM:
As Per MoEF (Feb. 2009)
Rank City
BS-IV implementation
Rank
CityBS-IV implementation1GobindgarhNo26Meerut
Yes2
Ludhiana
No
27
Hissar
Yes
3
Khurja
No
28
Varanasi
No
4
Khanna
No
29
Asansol
No5kanpurYes30PuneYes6LucknowYes31IndoreNo7JhariaNo32DhanbadNo8FirozabadNo33JabalpurNo9ChandrapurNo34DehradunNo10AgraYes35JamnagarYes11JamshedpurNo36HowrahNo12GwaliorNo37RourkelaNo13JhansiNo38KorbaNo14NoidaYes39GuwahatiNo15DelhiYes40NagpurNo16JalandharNo41KolkataYes
17
Faridabad
Yes
42
Jaipur
No
18
Hubli-Dharwad
No
43
Ujjain
No
19
Ranchi
No
44
Visakhapatnam
No
20
Jodhpur
No
45
Sholapur
No
21
Alwar
No
46
Naya
Nangal
No
22
Raipur
No
47
Chandigarh
No
23
Patna
No
48
Mumbai
Yes
24
Satna
No
49
Sibsagar
No
25
Kota
No
50
AnkleshwarYesSource: Industry26BS-IV Auto fuels have been expanded to 13 polluted cities.