EMEP intensive measurements on mineral dust in PM - PowerPoint Presentation

1. EMEP intensive measurements on mineral dust in PM10: preliminary results in summer 2012A Alastuey, X Querol, F. Lucarelli, W AasN. Pérez, T. Moreno, H. Areskoug, V. Balan, F. Cavalli, J. N. Cape, M. Catrambone, D. Ceburnis, S.Conil, L. Gevorgyan, C. Hueglin, N. Mihalopoulos, M. Mitosinkova, J.-P. Putaud, S.Sauvage, K. Sellegri, G. Spindler14th Task Force on Measurement and Modelling Meeting: Zagreb (Croatia), 6-8 May 2013

2. IE31AM01MD13SK06CH02DE44FR30GR02IT01ES1778IT04FR09SE12GB48 Site maslAM01 Amberd 2080MD13 Leova 156SK06 Starina 345CH2 Payerne 489DE44 Melpitz 86FR30 Pud de Dôme 1465GR02 Finokalia 250IT01 Montelibreti 48ES1778 Montseny 740IT04 Ispra 209FR09 Revin 390IE31 Mace Head 15GB48 Auchencorth Moss 260SE12 Aspvreten 20Sites

3. PM10 Low volume samplers 16.7 – 38.2 LPM24 h – samples from 7/June to 17/July 2012Teflon filters - PALL

4. i ~ 50-100 nAMeasuring time: ~ 0.5 - 3 minutesDaily samples measured in 1 day 150- 300“daily samples”Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE)  elemental concentrations for Z>10good sensitivity (MDL <1-10 ng/m3 )no sample preparation requirednot destructive2 new detectors: no problems with Teflon filters like with the traditional PIXE setupsExternal PIXE set-up at the LABEC laboratory (Florence)Simultaneous detection of all the elements that compose mineral dust (Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, Ti, Mn, Fe, Sr, Zr) with high sensitivity

5. Average Minimum Detection Limit (MDL)MDL ng/cm2ng/m3Na24.85.5Mg18.94.2Al12.72.8Si10.22.3P9.32.0S9.92.2Cl11.12.5K11.52.5Ca9.22.0Fe1.10.2MDLng/cm2ng/m3Ti4.81.1V3.40.7Cr2.10.5Mn1.50.3Ni0.60.1Cu0.60.1Zn0.60.1As0.80.2Se0.90.2Br1.20.3Rb1.90.4Sr2.50.5Zr4.00.9Mo7.41.6Ba12.82.8Pb1.70.4

6. ResultsPM10 concentrationsSpatial variation of major elementsRatios between major elementsAfrican dust episodes: time evolution and spatial coverageTrace elements

7. PM10 levels

8. PM10 levels

9. Sea salt (µg/m3)Marine load: Addition of Cl and the marine contribution of Na, Ca, Mg and K, estimated by their sea water ratios with respect to bulk Cl concentrations

10. Sea saltNa/Cl- marine=0.6

11. Sea saltNa2O/MgO marine: 7Na/Mg marine: 8.4Mg geochemical anomaly

12. Mineral dust (µg/m3)Mineral load: obtained by the addition of the SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3 concentrations, and the dust contribution of Na2O, K2O, CaO and MgO after the subtraction of their marine contribution from the bulk concentrations7,2

13. Mineral affinity: SiO2/Al2O3 (ng/m3)

14. SiO2/Al2O3IlliteIllitekaoliniteclinochlorebiotiteK-feldsparCa-feldsparSiO2/Al2O33.21.21.83.53.51.2Kaolinite

15. Mineral affinity: Fe2O3 (ng/m3)

16. Fe2O3/Al2O3IllitekaoliniteclinochlorebiotiteK-feldsparCa-feldsparFe2O3/Al2O30.08 -0.90.7 - -

17. Mixed affinity: K2O (ng/m3)

18. K2O/Al2O3KaoliniteIlliteIllitekaoliniteclinochlorebiotiteK-feldsparCa-feldsparK2O/Al2O30.4 - -0.90.9 -Biomas combustion??

19. Carbonate affinity: Ca (ng/m3)

20. CaO/Al2O3Anthropogenic influence?

21. SulphateSulphates: calculated form the S concentration

22. 1212345678910111413AM01MD13SK06CH2DE44FR30GR02IT01ES1778IT04FR09IE31GB48SE12PM10 major components determined

23. PM10 major components determined

24. African dust episodes

25. http://www.nrlmry.navy.mil/aerosol/

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27. Ratio CaO/Al2O3

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30. Trace metals: mineral affinityng/m3

31. Trace metals: fuel oil combustionng/m3

32. Trace metals: mixed origin

33. Trace metals: coal combustionng/m3

34. Trace metals: traffic originng/m3

35. SummaryHigher mineral load in southern and eastern countriesMineral dust episodes may be attributed to different origins Saharan dust is affecting south and some central European sites – but not eastern sitesSaharan dust: relative increase on SiO2 and Al2O3 and relative decrease on CaO, K2O and MgOMetals: tracers of anthropogenic sources

36. Thank youfor your attention!