Floor consists of 2 components Sub floorBase course Floor coveringFlooring REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD FLOOR Hard and smooth surface Adequate strength and stability Damp resistant Good thermal insulation capacity ID: 1019621
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1. FLOORING
2. FLOORSDivides a building into different levels, one above the other for creating more accommodation within a limited spaceFloor consists of 2 componentsSub floor/Base courseFloor covering/Flooring
3. REQUIREMENTS OF GOOD FLOORHard and smooth surfaceAdequate strength and stabilityDamp resistantGood thermal insulation capacityDurable and easy to maintainFire resistantAesthetic look
4. Sub floor/Base courseBottom most portion of a floorPurpose: To impart strength & stability to support the floor covering & all super imposed loadsMaterials used: Brick, Stone, wood, concrete
5. Floor covering/FlooringCovering over subfloorPurpose: to provide a hard, clean, smooth, impervious, durable & attractive surface to the floorMaterials used: Brick, stone, tile, concrete, timber, mosaic, marble, granite etc.Selection depends: appearance, resistance to abrasion &slipperiness, cleanliness, durability, damp proof, initial cost, maintenance
6. Preparation of bed for flooringGround should be strong enough to support the floorThe ground surface should be levelled, compacted & watered before flooringA porous layer of inert materials like sand or gravel should be provided just above the prepared bedThe porous layer helps to check the rise of subsurface water into the floor
7. Floor finishing materialsUsed to improve the appearance of floors.Provides a clean, damp proof surfaceCommonly Used Types Mosaic tile flooringCeramic tile flooringMarble floor coveringGranite floor coveringSynthetic flooring
8. Base Preparation15cm sand cushion provided over rammed & watered earthen surfaceOver the sand cushion base course of 10cm thick cement concrete(1:5:10) mix is placedTop surface of concrete is roughly finished to develop good bond b/w the base & toppingCure this concrete for 3 days
9. Mosaic tile flooringAvailable in different sizes & coloursWidely used in residential building, shops, theatres etc
10. Laying stepsOver the concrete bedding , cement mortar layer of 1:1 mix is spread and mosaic tiles are arranged above this.Cement paste is applied to the sidesTiles are slightly tapped till cement oozes out through the joints to the surfaceThis cement is cleaned with sawdust.After 3 days joints are rubbed carborundum stone& then pumice stone.Finally surface is washed with a weak solution of soap in warm water.
11. Advantages of mosaic flooringHigh durableDense hard and toughAvailable in variety of coloursWater and bacteria resistantLow maintainance
12. Disavantages of mosaic flooringSlippery when wetDamage or crack
13. Ceramic tile flooringDifferent size, colour, quality are available
14. Laying stepsOver the concrete bedding , cement mortar layer is spread and tiles are arranged above this.Tiles are slightly tapped till cement oozes out through the joints to the surface and clean using sponge.Cement grout is applied to the joints with the help of float held at 45˚ diagonally across the face of tileExcess grout can be removed with sponge which is drawn across the tile diagonally to the jointsAllow mortar to set for 1-2 days.
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16. Terazzo floor covering
17. Consist of granite,marble,quartz,glass or other suitable chips sprinkled with cementIt is poured into floor ,cured and polishedAsethetic and durableResistant to heat and waterLess maintananceExpensiveSlipperyRequires professional installation
18. Rubber floor covering
19. Noise proofRubber sheets available in variety of patterns and coloursSheets are fixed into concrete floor with appropriate adhesivesCostlyEasy to install
20. Lineoleum flooring
21. Linoleum consist of linseed oil from flax seeds,limestone and wood dustDuarble for high wear living areasLinoleum flooring is used for floor base already smooth and plainIt is not used in area prone to fireIt is not used in areas likely to damSofter than other type of flooring
22. Cork flooring
23. Excellent thermal qualitiesBeautiful,lightweight,fire resistantSoft cushion surfaceAntibacterial propertiesRequires high level of maintainanceTendency to stain,susceptible to water and damage
24. Glass flooring
25. CostlyTransmits light from upper floor to lower areasArea look bright and spaciousLaminated glass is used for flooringDurableBacteria and dirt resistanceImpervious to waterExpensiveVery slippery when wetScracted easily
26. Concrete flooring
27. DurableEasy to maintainEasy to constructEconomical
28. Brick floor covering
29. Easy to constructUsed in ware houses,stores,godownsWell burnt bricks of uniform shapes used in floor
30. Timber floor
31. Used in hilly regionsKnown as wood or plank flooring uses reclaimed or recycled wooden boardsDifferent species of wood are fabricatedBeautiful apprearanceWithstand huge traffic without replacementEcofreindly materialGood insulatorLow maintainanceExpensiveTakes lot of time toset on floorSometimes slippery and dangerous.
32. Marble floor coveringCommonly used in superior works
33. Laying stepsOver the base 20mm thick bedding mortar of 1:2 mix is spread under each slabs.Marble slab is then laid over this mortarGently pressed with wooden mallet & levelled.The marble is then again lifted up & fresh mortar is added to the hollows of the bedding mortar.
34. The marble is placed in position.The edges of already laid slabs are smeared with cement slurry paste Marble slabs are beaten with wooden mallet & cement oozes out through the joints is cleaned using a sponge.Paved area is cured for 7 daysFinally surface is washed with a weak solution of soap in warm water.
35. advantagesDurable,attractive,hardAvailable in variety of coloursResistant to moisture
36. disadvantagesExpensiveNeed proper maintainanceSkilled labours are required
37. Granite floor coveringDifferent size,shape, colour, quality are available.Commonly used in superior works
38. Laying stepsOver the base 20mm thick bedding mortar of 1:1 mix is spread for laying the granite slabs.Granite slabs are then laid over this mortar.They are beaten with wooden mallet & cement oozes out through the joints . It is cleaned using a sponge or cotton.Paved area is cured for 7 daysFinally surface is washed with a weak solution of soap in warm water.
39. Synthetic flooringEpoxies & polyesters are usedThese synthetic materials replaces the cement in standard terrazo flooring & reduces the self weight of flooringSynthetic material & marble chips are mixed with water to form a plastic paste.The mixture is laid on the rough base prepared. Grinding & polishing are performed after16 to 48 hours.
40. Synthetic floor
41. Agglomerated marble- marble dust granules & synthetic resins are mixed & made to slabs under high pressure.Available in different colours & dimension.Superior qualityResistance to abrasion, impact & chemical attackFlexible & attractiveNon skid surfaceWeather resistant- suitable for exterior & interior applications
42. Vinyl tiles & Vinyl asbestos tiles –made from vinyl resinsTough polymers- can withstand heavy loads Comfortable to walkResistance to abrasion, impact & chemical attackFixed on the floor using hot bitumen adhesive & surface is rolled with light roller.