PDF-(DOWNLOAD)-Morality, Mortality: Volume II: Rights, Duties, and Status (Oxford Ethics Series)

Continuing the examination of life and death that FM Kamm began in Morality Mortality Volume I this second volume begins with a discussion of the questions of the moral inequivalence of killing and letting die harming and not aiding intending and foreseeing harm and also focuses on the methodology used in analysing these questions This discussion includes consideration of such problems as the effect of contextual interaction agent regret and conflicting measures of the relative stringency of acts Part II offers an examination of the socalled Survival Lottery and Trolley Problem and some other closely related dilemmatic situations for the purpose of developing a principled account of when harming some to save others is permissable and impermissable Part III is concerned with the further examination of the relation between restrictions on conduct and prerogatives not to make sacrifices and the contrast between a victimfocused and agentrelative account of rights Kamm attempts to find the relation between these topics and both the existence of entities with significant status and the existence of valuable states of affairs forging a link between deontological and consequentialist theories. INFORMATION - KUNSKAP - VETENSKAP. GRUNDLÄGGANDE . VETENSKAPSTEORI . Agent-baserade. modeller. Generativ kunskap. Simulering. Gordana . Dodig-Crnkovic. Akademin för innovation, design och teknik, . Lakeside institute of Theology. Christian Ethics . (CL3). Ethics, Morality and Religion. Christian Ethics. (CL3) . Oct. 1 – Intro to Ethics; Christian Ethics. Oct. 8 – Ethics, Morality and Religion. Dr. Bill Myers. Basic Concepts and Problems. Morality and Ethical Theory. :. Morality. : A social institution, concerned with social practices defining right and wrong. It’s composed of a set of standards which is pervasively acknowledged by a culture or a people.. Historical Background. Plato and the Ring of . Gyges. Republic II. “No man would keep his hands off what was not his own when he could safely take what he liked out of the market, or go into houses and lie with any one at his . Business ethics raises many important philosophical issues. A first set of issues concerns the methodology of business ethics. What is the role of ethical theory in business ethics? To what extent, if at all, can thinking in business ethics be enhanced by philosophy, so as to provide real moral guidance? Another set of issues involves questions regarding markets, capitalism, and economic justice. There are related concerns about the nature of business organizations and the responsibilities they have to their members, owners, and society.The Oxford Handbook of Business Ethics is a comprehensive treatment of the field of business ethics as seen from a philosophical approach. The volume consists of 24 essays that survey the field of business ethics in a broad and accessible manner, covering all major topics about the relationship between ethical theory and business ethics. The chapters are written by accomplished philosophers who offer a systematic interpretation of their topics and discuss various moral controversies and dilemmas that plague business relationships and government-business relationships. Readers are thus presented with the major views that define the topic of the essay with critical discussions of those views, as well as topical bibliographies that identify key works in the field. In addition to philosophers who work in this area, the volume will be of interest to those in business and society seeking an up-to-date resource on this vital field.This book is intended to provide an overview of the state of the field of philosophical business ethics. And Brenkert and Beauchamp are to be commended for having put together a collection of contributors and topics that is well-suited for this goal. The contributors are all first-rate scholars who have made important contributions to business ethics or cognate fields. They are also admirably diverse in age, ideology, and methodological approach, thus providing readers with a good glimpse into the wide range of scholarship that characterizes the field. The book will obviously be of interest to those for whom philosophical business ethics is a main area of interest. But the entries are clear and accessible enough to make the book of special value to at least two other groups: those whose approach to business ethics is not primarily philosophical will find here a useful \'crash course\' in an alternative methodological approach to their own subject, and those philosophers who are not primarily interested in business ethics will be treated to a volume that makes clear the connection between business ethics and more standard philosophical subjects, and that will almost certainly provide them with new ways of thinking about both business ethics and other topics in value theory and political philosophy that are connected with business ethics in ways they might not have previously recognized. The selection of topics is also admirably comprehensive.--Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews N. Al-. Asadi. 2018-2019. Ethics and Morality. What are they?. The terms . ethics. and . morality. are often used interchangeably - indeed, they usually can mean the same thing, and in casual conversation there . In this original study, Jamie Mayerfeld undertakes a careful inquiry into the meaning and moral significance of suffering. Understanding suffering in hedonistic terms as an affliction of feeling, he addresses difficulties associated with its identification and measurement. He then turns to an examination of the duty to relieve suffering: its content, its weight relative to other moral considerations, and the role it should play in our lives.Among the claims defended in the book are that suffering needs to be distinguished from both physical pain and the frustration of desire, that interpersonal comparisons of the intensity of happiness and suffering are possible, that several psychological processes hinder our awareness of other people\'s suffering, and that the prevention of suffering should often be pursued indirectly. Mayerfeld concludes his discussion by arguing that the reduction of suffering is morally more important than the promotion of happiness, and that most of us greatly underestimate the force of the duty to prevent suffering.As the first systematic book-length inquiry into the moral significance of suffering, Suffering and Moral Responsibility makes an important contribution to moral philosophy and political theory, and will interest specialists in each of these areas. In Morality, Mortality, Volume II, Kamm continues to explore questions of life and death as illustrations of general issues in moral theory. Resuming her development of non- consequentialist ethical theory and its application to practical ethical problems, she explores the distinction between killing and letting die, between harming and not aiding, and between intending and foreseeing harm. Throughout this examination, she focuses on the methodology used in analyzing these questions. Kamm develops a principled account of when harming some to save others is permissable and impermissable. In the process, she discusses the Survival Lottery and Trolley Problem, and other related dilemmatic situations. Kamm then covers the concepts of rights and prerogatives, contrasting a victim-focused account of rights with that of an agent-relative account. Here, she considers the problem of minimizing rights violations, and the significance of the status of inviolability. She concludes Volume II by assessing whether agreements or superogatory conduct may permissably override restrictions, and what their doing or not doing indicates about morality, duties, and prerogatives. In this original study, Jamie Mayerfeld undertakes a careful inquiry into the meaning and moral significance of suffering. Understanding suffering in hedonistic terms as an affliction of feeling, he addresses difficulties associated with its identification and measurement. He then turns to an examination of the duty to relieve suffering: its content, its weight relative to other moral considerations, and the role it should play in our lives.Among the claims defended in the book are that suffering needs to be distinguished from both physical pain and the frustration of desire, that interpersonal comparisons of the intensity of happiness and suffering are possible, that several psychological processes hinder our awareness of other people\'s suffering, and that the prevention of suffering should often be pursued indirectly. Mayerfeld concludes his discussion by arguing that the reduction of suffering is morally more important than the promotion of happiness, and that most of us greatly underestimate the force of the duty to prevent suffering.As the first systematic book-length inquiry into the moral significance of suffering, Suffering and Moral Responsibility makes an important contribution to moral philosophy and political theory, and will interest specialists in each of these areas. Intimate and medicalized, natural and technological, reproduction poses some of the most challenging ethical dilemmas of our time. Reproduction presses the boundaries of humanity and ethical respect, the permissible limits of technology, conscientious objection by health care professionals, and social justice. This volume brings together scholars from multiple perspectives to address both traditional and novel questions about the rights and responsibilities of human reproducers, their caregivers, and the societies in which they live.Among issues treated in the volume are what it is to be a parent, the responsibilities of parents, and the role of society in facilitating or discouraging parenting. May gamete donors be anonymous? Is surrogacy in which a woman gestates a child for others ethically permissible when efforts aremade to prevent coercion or exploitation? Should it be mandatory to screen newborns for potentially serious conditions, or permissible to sequence their genomes? Are both parties to a reproductive act equally responsible to support the child, even if one deceived the other? Are there ethicalasymmetries between male and female parents, and is the lack of available contraceptives for men unjust? Should the costs of infertility treatment be socially shared, as they are for other forms of health care? Do parents have a duty to try to conceive children under the best circumstances they can-- or to avoid conception if the child will suffer? What is the status of the fetus and what ethical limits constrain the use of fetal tissue?Reproduction is a rapidly changing medical field, with novel developments such as mitochondrial transfer or uterine transplantation occurring regularly. And there are emerging natural challenges, too, like the Zika virus. The volume gives readers tools not only to address the problems we now know, but ones that may emerge in the future as well. Why is death bad for us, even on the assumption that it involves the absence of experience? Is it worse for us than prenatal nonexistence? Kamm begins by considering these questions, critically examining some answers other philosophers have given. She explores in detail suggestions based on our greater concern over the loss of future versus past goods and those based on the insult to persons which death involves. In the second part, Kamm deals with the question, Whom should we save from death if we cannot save everyone? She considers whether and when the numbers of lives we can save matter in our choice, and whether the extra good we achieve if we save some lives rather than others should play a role in deciding whom to save. Issues such as fairness, solidarity, the role of random decision procedures, and the relation between subjective and objective points of view are discussed, with an eye to properly incorporating these into a nonconsequentialist ethical theory. In conclusion, the book examines specifically what differences between persons are relevant to the distribution of any scarce resource, discussing for example, the distribution (and acquisition) of bodily organs for transplantation. Kamm provides criticism of some current procedures for distribution and acquisition of a scarce resource and makes suggestions for alternatives. Odessa National Medical University. Faculty of Pharmacy. Lecture . №. 1. “. Professional . Ethics. . and. . Morality. . of. . the p. harmaceutical. . w. orkers. ”. Odessa . 2020. The concept of ethics. ENGR 10. Outline:. Brief Review. Pentium Case. Framework for Ethical Decision-Making. . Moral Reasoning. Case Studies. Ethics (Review). System of moral principles . Principles of right and wrong, justice and injustice, good and evil, vice and virtue, rights and responsibilities. 2010 . Summer Entrepreneurship Institute. Prof. Gonzalo . Freixes. 2. What is Ethics?. "Art, like morality, consists of . drawing the line. somewhere." . — G.K. Chesterton, English essayist and poet (1874-1936).