respiratory system OUTLINE Sputum collection and Examination Use of MDI Nebulization therapy Collection of sputum Early morning deep cough sample is preferred samples should be immediately transported to ID: 477099
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Slide1
Administering medications for patients with problems related to respiratory system Slide2
OUTLINE
Sputum collection and Examination Use of MDI
Nebulization therapy Slide3
Collection of sputum
Early
morning, deep cough sample is preferred
samples
should be immediately transported to
laboratory
The
sputum sample is obtained by having the patient:
rinse the mouth with water to minimize contamination by normal oral flora
breathe deeply several
times
cough deeply
expectorate the raised sputum into a sterile container.Slide4
invasive procedures used to collect specimens
Sputum
may be obtained by :
nasotracheal
or orotracheal suctioning with a sputum trap or by fiberoptic bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy for
patients with acute severe infection, patients with chronic or refractory infection, or immunocompromised patients when a diagnosis cannot be made from an expectorated or induced specimen.Slide5
metered-dose inhaler (MDI)
a
device that delivers a specific amount of medication to the lungs, in the form of a short burst of aerosolized medicine that is usually self-administered by the patient via inhalation.
It
is the most commonly used delivery system for
treating
asthma
, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and
other respiratory
diseases. The medication in a metered dose inhaler is most commonly a bronchodilator, corticosteroid or a combination of both for the treatment of asthma and COPD. Slide6Slide7
Nebulization Therapy
DEFINITION
is the process of medication administration via inhalation. It utilizes a nebulizer which transports medications to the lungs by means of mist inhalation.
a nebulizer
is a small device that can convert a drug from a solution into an aerosol form by means of a compressor/compressed gas source.
Nebulization creates a mist of drug particles that can be inhaled via a face mask or mouthpiece
soothing THE inflamed airways
Bronchodilators
are the most common
nebulized
drugs but many others can be
nebulized
, including steroids and antibiotics. Slide8
Nebulization Therapy
PURPOSE
TO ADD MOISTURE TO OXYGEN DELIVERY SYSTEM
TO HYRDATE THICK SPUTUM AND PREVENT MUCUS PLUGGING
TO ADMINISTER VARIOUS DRUGS TO THE AIRWAYSSlide9
MEDICATIONS ADMINISTEREDvia Nebulizer
bronchodilators (for example, salbutamol),
anticholinergics (for example, ipratropium bromide),
corticosteroids (for example, beclometasone
)
normal
saline.Slide10
Indication of Nebulization
Nebulization therapy is used to deliver medications along the respiratory tract and is indicated to various respiratory problems and diseases such as:
Bronchospasms
Chest tightness
Excessive and thick mucus secretions
Respiratory congestions
Pneumonia
Atelectasis
AsthmaSlide11
Contraindications
In some cases, nebulization is restricted or avoided due to possible untoward results or rather decreased effectiveness such as:
Patients with unstable and increased blood pressure
Individuals with cardiac irritability (may result to dysrhythmias)
Persons with increased pulses
Unconscious patients (inhalation may be done via mask but the therapeutic effect may be significantly low)Slide12
Equipment
Nebulizer and nebulizer connecting tubes
Compressor oxygen tankMouthpiece/mask
Respiratory medication to be administered
Normal saline
solutionSlide13
Possible effects and reactions after nebulization therapy
Palpitations
TremorsTachycardia
Headache
Nausea
Bronchospasms (too much ventilation may result or exacerbate bronchospasms
)Slide14
CAUTION
Patients with COPD should have
nebuliZers driven by air (BMA/RPSGB, 2007).
Patients
with acute asthma should have nebuliZers driven by oxygen (usually 6-8l/min
If
a patient with glaucoma is to receive an anticholinergic drug such as ipratropium bromide, a mouthpiece is preferred as this reduces the leakage of
nebulised
solution into the eyes (Porter-Jones, 2000).
Compressors should be serviced on a regular basis according to local policy. Local infection control procedures should be followed to
minimiZe
the risk of cross infection.
Slide15
Nurse’s roles
1. Closely monitor all clients receiving bronchodilators for signs of increased heart rate, nervous agitation and restlessness
2. Patient Teaching
proper
way of doing the therapy to facilitate effective results and prevent complications (demonstration is very
useful
Emphasize
compliance to therapy
report
untoward symptoms immediately for apposite intervention.Slide16
References
Kozier & erbs fundamentals of nursing. Eighth ed.
Craven & hirnle. Fundamentals of nursing. Human health and function. Lippincott & Williams. Fourth ed.
Nursing crib