More Decay Decay The papacy became even more corrupt and simony was more prevalent Popes were strangled died of starvation and placed in dungeons Eventually Bruno bishop of Toul was appointed but he refused unless the people of Rome wanted him They did and he brought about reform for t ID: 614184
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Slide1
After Charlemagne
More DecaySlide2
Decay
The papacy became even more corrupt and simony was more prevalent
Popes were strangled, died of starvation, and placed in dungeons
Eventually Bruno, bishop of
Toul
, was appointed but he refused unless the people of Rome wanted him. They did and he brought about reform for the church.Slide3
Monasteries
Many were destroyed by Norsemen
The leaders were scandalous also
Berno
, a monk, led reform for one monastery
Had rights drawn that forbade the feudal lords or the pope from intervening
Took a few leaders but eventually got back to Benedictine ruleSlide4
Monasticism
After renewing several monasteries, the monks set their sights on the church as this was the darkest hour of the papacy
Bruno thought the church should be free from civil authority just as the monasteries were
Clerical celibacy was made an official practice and not just the monks
Obedience to the pope was now stressed
A good monk must own nothing-povertySlide5
Reform
The wealth accumulated by the monasteries and the churches became a major issue for them
Bernard of
Clairvaux
believed Jesus favored Mary over Martha and that we are called to a life of meditation and prayerSlide6
Bruno
In 1048, Bruno,
Humbert
, and Hildebrand walked to Rome for Bruno to accept the position of Pope
Bruno became Leo IX
Promoted celibacy and abolition of simony
In the feudal society, the church is one place where social mobility was still possibleSlide7
Bruno
The abolition of simony and celibacy had the support of the masses
Leo decided to go to Germany and France to take reform there
Leo made 2 mistakes: He fought the Norsemen against advice and was captured.
He also sent the rigid
Humbert
to Constantinople which caused the Schism of 1054Slide8
Schism of 1054
Latin West
vs
Greek East
Issues were over use on unleavened bread, recognizing the Pope as head of the church, Eucharist, and the Holy Spirit
Humbert
excommunicated
Cerularius
who in turn did the same
The 2 sides have never came back togetherSlide9
Pope’s
More reforming Pope’s after Leo until eventually Hildebrand was elected and became Gregory VII
His dream was one world united under the papacy so he declared the Bible not be translated into any vernacular language because Rome should do all teaching and
intrepretationSlide10
Gregory
He wanted the whole world united so he planned an attack on Muslim controlled lands but
didn
’
t follow through even though it did occur 20 years later.
He also wanted to extend his authority east but that didn’t happen either
In 1070 a synod condemned simony and clerical marriage
Laity could not receive sacraments form
simoniacs
-Goes against AugustineSlide11
Gregory
The French clergy refused to obey his edicts
These edicts made it hard for him to have a successful reign
Gregory soon clashed with Emperor Henry IV
Henry deposed a a bishop supporting celibacy and appointed one of his
Gregory demanded he appear in Rome by a certain date or his soul would be condemned to hellSlide12
Gregory
On Christmas Eve 1075 a military contingent attacked the Pope, beat him, and took him prisoner.
The people of Rome rescued him by attacking the tower where he was held.
Gregory issued an edict forbidding Henry to rule any part of Germany or Italy
A close supporter of Henry’s died so people thought the curse was realSlide13
Gregory
Henry appealed to Gregory’s mercy
Gregory made him offer penance for 3 days before seeing him but finally pardoned him
Henry not had an opposing faction in Germany and the Pope took the side of the usurper
Henry won and when winter was over marched on RomeSlide14
Gregory
Gregory needed the Normans but he had excommunicated them also. He then appealed to Byzantium but they said no.
Henry took the city and placed Clement III as Pope but then the Normans intervened and took over the city
The reforming party elected Urban II and he ran Clement III out of townSlide15
Urban II excommunicated Phillip I of France for leaving his wife for another
Paschal II (succeeded Urban) tried to make peace between Henry IV and his son who tried to usurp him.
No future lay investiture (simony) would be accepted and those who did would be excommunicatedSlide16
Pope’s
Henry IV dies and Henry V waited 3 years to respond to the pope and invaded Italy and Paschal was forced to compromise.
Henry would give up rights of investiture of bishops if the church gave up feudal lands and privileges.
Violence broke out as many claimed the Pope was liberal in giving away their lands but not hisSlide17
Pope’s
Much of the nobility rebelled in
G
ermany due to loss of power
The pope would not back him so Henry invaded Italy and Paschal was forced to flee
Now since the Normans were unreliable allies and the Germans were enemies the Pope’s looked to France for supportSlide18
Pope’s
Calixtus
II was next Pope and he wanted to end the dispute
Concordant of Worms
Granting of all feudal rights was in the hands of civil authorities
All church land was returnedSlide19
Reforming Pope’s
Rule of celibacy
becasme
universal in Western church
Simony disappeared for a while
Power of papacy grew
The vows of poverty did not take
hold though