Altruism vs Prosocial behavior Why do people help Or not help httpwwwmsnbcmsncomid43880728nsworldnewseurope https wwwyoutubecomwatchvN9KuUR2p9Q Do animals show prosocial behavior ID: 482694
Download Presentation The PPT/PDF document "Helping and Happiness" is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
Slide1
Helping and HappinessSlide2
What is prosocial behavior? Altruism?
Why do people help? Or not help?
WARNING: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9KuUR2-p9QDo animals show prosocial behavior?
Prosocial behaviorSlide3
Evolutionary rootsNeuro structures
Empathy
DevelopmentPersonalityAttachment/Relationships
Micro-level factors (see Table 10.1)Slide4
Kin altruism/inclusive fitness
Reciprocal altruism (Direct vs Indirect)
Signaling theoryEvolutionary approaches to prosocial behaviorSlide5
Davis’s IRI
What are the components?
Empathy Slide6
TemperamentSocialization
Social/cognitive development
Developmental processesSlide7
Penner
Prosocial Personality BatteryOther oriented empathySocial responsibilityEmpathic concernPerspective taking
Other-oriented
reasoning
Mutual-concern reasoning
Helpfulness
Personal
distress
Self-reported helpfulness
Agreeableness (
Graziano
)GenderGenetic basis
How do individual differences relate to helping? Slide8
Situational factorsMotivations for helping
Recipients’ reaction to aid
Meso-level variablesSlide9
What are the steps? What are the processes?
What mattered and didn’t matter in helping rates in their studies?
Why did they get more help with the ‘other’ was a friend than a stranger? Why don’t people admit others’ influence? Why didn’t they help?
Bystander intervention (
Latan
é
& Darley, 1969)Slide10
Latané & Rodin results
intervening
% pairs interveningAlone 70
91
w/Confederate 7 14
Two strangers
23
40
Two friend
45
70Bystander processesSlide11
Electrocuted experimenter
Condition Process Help rate (In %)
Alone None 95%No contact DR 84%
Seen by other DR & AI 73%
See other person DR & SI 73%
See and be seen DR,AI,SI 50%Slide12
Latané, Harton, Bourgeois,
Rockloff
Revised version for Dateline
Condition
Process
Alone
None
Back to Back
DR
Participant faces the confederate’s back
SI + DR
Confederate faces the participant’s back
AI + DR
Face to face
SI + AI + DRSlide13
Results
Percentage helpingSlide14
What did they do in this study?Do their results go against the bystander effect?
Philpot,
Liebst, Levine, Bernasco, &
Rosenkrantz
Lindegaard
, 2019Slide15
Population densityWhy?
Time pressure (Samaritan study
)Other situational effectsSlide16
EgoismArousal: cost-reward model (Dovidio,
Piliavin
)Negative state relief model (Cialdini)AltruismCollectivismPrincipalism
Batson’s motivationsSlide17
When do we help according to this model?Batson paradigm
Aversive-arousal reduction, empathy-specific punishments, empathy-specific rewards, empathic joy, negative state-relief, feelings of oneness (
Cialdini)Benefits of altruism? Costs of altruism?How to measure/
m
anip
. Empathy
Batson’s empathy-altruism hypothesisSlide18
Who is more likely to ask for help? From whom?
Who
asks for help? Slide19
VolunteerismCooperation
Resource dilemmas (tragedy of the commons)
Public goods dilemmasSocial value orientationIntergroup helping
Macro levelSlide20
How does it differ from other types of helping? What leads people to volunteer?
Should service learning be required?
Differences by countryVolunteerismSlide21
Cultural differences in helping
See Table 2:
http://www2.psych.ubc.ca/~ara/Manuscripts/Levine%20et%20al%20helping.pdfCultural differences in 3 situationsMore per capita purchasing power, less helpingHispanic countries tended to be higher
NO relationship to individualism/collectivism
Why?Slide22
What is heroism?
Can anyone be a hero?
Is it automatic? How does it differ from altruism? Who is a hero? How is heroism socially constructed?
HeroismSlide23
http
://
www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JfHB2cruJUhttp://heroicimagination.org/How can you increase
prosocial
behavior? Slide24
Historyhttp://ppc.sas.upenn.edu
/
What is it? Positive psychologySlide25
What is SWB? How is it different from objective well being?
How
is it operationally defined? What relates to higher SWB? How can you increase your SWB? How can policies increase it?
Subjective well beingSlide26
Set point/hedonic adaptationSatisfaction of goals
Mental states
Theories of SWBSlide27
What are some of the differences? Why are there differences?
Cultural differences in SWBSlide28Slide29Slide30
https://sites.uni.edu/harton/papinfo.htm
Coming up