APA Style amp Annotated Bibliographies Martha Stephenson UWWhitewater Literature Review Critically analyzes a part of a published body of knowledge Provides a summary of previous research on a topic ID: 164580
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Slide1
Literature Reviews, APA Style, & Annotated Bibliographies
Martha Stephenson
UW-WhitewaterSlide2
Literature ReviewsCritically analyze a part of a published body of knowledge
Provide a summary of previous research on a topicDiscuss published information relevant to a particular topic, issue, or theory
Provide a preface
to and rationale for engaging in
research or as a self-contained unit
Required part of grant and research proposals and often a chapter in theses and dissertationsSlide3
Where to Find Journal ArticlesResearch@UWW
Indexes and databasesInternetReference lists, bibliographies, footnotes, etc.Slide4
How to Find Journal ArticlesOriginal searches
Look up citations found in other sourcesFollow citation trail in databases, such as:
Science Citation Index
ScienceDirect
Sociological Abstracts
and Google ScholarSlide5
Write Your Literature ReviewIntroduction
Identifies topic
Indicates trends, gaps, or conflicts
Lists reasons for doing it
Explains criteria used, organization of the review, and scope
Body
Groups similar literature together
Summarizes each work
Conclusion
Summarizes major contributions
Points out major gaps, inconsistencies, and issues pertinent to future study
Provides an understanding of the relationship between the review topic and a larger area of studySlide6
Read More About Lit ReviewsLiterature Review? – F.D.
Bluford Library, NC A&T State University
http://
libguides.library.ncat.edu/literaturereview
Literature Reviews – Online Writing Lab
at Purdue
https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/994/04
/
Review of Literature - The Writing Center, UW-Madison
http://www.wisc.edu/writing/Handbook/ReviewofLiterature.html
Write a Literature Review –University Library, UC Santa Cruz
http://
guides.library.ucsc.edu/write-a-literature-reviewSlide7
Flow Diagram of Research ProcessSlide8Slide9
APA Style ReferencesDocuments your research
Provides the data necessary to identify and find each sourceEnables finding and using sources
Correct data, punctuation,
and element order are
important
Establishes your credibility
Contains elements that are required for unique identification
If unsure,
provide more information rather than less Slide10
At a minimum each citation includes:Author
TitleDatePublication InformationSlide11
Seek HelpPublication
Manual of the American Psychological Association 6th
ed.
Citing References: APA Style
guide
Sites like OWL, UW-Madison’s Writing Center, and the APA blog
Ask a librarian
Use your wits:
If there is no specific guidance for your source, choose a similar example, combine examples, and otherwise modify to create a great citation Slide12
References ListDouble space
.5” hanging indentAlphabetical order by first elementList works by the same author(s) in chronological order
List works by the same author(s) in one year alphabetically and add a letter after the year. Also add a letter to the date in the parenthetical citation
Do not include retrieval datesSlide13
JOURNAL ARTICLE: two to seven authors; no DOI assigned, paginated by issue, print
Light, M. A., & Light, I. H.
(2008).
The geographic expansion of Mexican immigration in the United States and its implications for local law enforcement.
Law Enforcement Executive Forum Journal
,
8
(1),
73-82.
Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. & Author Last Name, First Initial. Middle initial.
(Publication year).
Article title.
Journal Title
,
volume number
(issue number),
first page-last page.Slide14
Journal Article from a Database What’s wrong?
Moon, T. R., & Brighton, C. M. (2008). Primary Teachers' Conceptions of Giftedness.
Journal For The Education Of The Gifted
,
31
(4), 447-480.
Moon, T. R., & Brighton, C. M. (2008). Primary teachers' conceptions of giftedness.
Journal for the Education of the Gifted
,
31
(4), 447-480. Retrieved from http://journals.prufrock.com/IJP/b/journal-for-the-education-of-the-giftedSlide15
What’s wrong?
Swaray
, R. (2011). Commodity buffer stock
redux
: The role of International Cocoa Organization in prices and incomes.
Journal Of Policy Modeling
,
33
(3), 361-369. DOI:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2011.03.002
Swaray
, R. (2011). Commodity buffer stock
redux
: The role of International Cocoa Organization in prices and incomes.
Journal of Policy Modeling
,
33
(3), 361-369. doi:10.1016/j.jpolmod.2011.03.002Slide16
What’s Wrong?
MCCLUSKEY, EMILY. (2010). Chocolate with a conscience.
Choice (0009-496X)
, 14-16. Web. 6/1/2012.
McCluskey
, E. (2010 Dec). Chocolate with a conscience.
Choice
, 14-16. Retrieved from http://www.choice.com.au/Slide17
What’s Wrong?
ERIK, E. (2007, August). H.I.V. Patients Anxious as Support Programs Cut Back.
New York Times (0362-4331
). p. 12. Retrieved from https://libproxy.uww.edu:9443/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=28215647&login.asp& site=
ehost
-live
Erik, E. (2007, August 1). H.I.V. Patients Anxious as Support Programs Cut Back.
New York Times
. p. 12. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/Slide18
What’s Wrong?
Clemons, T. L., & National Research Center on the Gifted and, T. (2008). Underachieving Gifted Students: A Social Cognitive Model.
National Research Center On The Gifted And Talented
,
Clemons, T. L., & National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented. (2008). Underachieving gifted students: A social cognitive model. Retrieved from ERIC database.
(ED505382)Slide19
Parenthetical In-Text CitationsInclude the author's last name, if not written in the text, and the date
Always give page numbers for quotations (section 6.03)
When paraphrasing, the
Manual
encourages inclusion of a page number
(section 6.04)
… (
Chaitin
, 2016, p. 112).
or
Chaitin
(2016) found ... (p. 112).Slide20
Creating a Parenthetical Citation
Sillick
, T. J., &
Schutte
, N. S. (2006). Emotional intelligence and self-esteem mediate between perceived early parental love and adult happiness
. E-Journal of Applied Psychology
,
2
(2), 38-48. Retrieved from http://ojs.lib.swin.edu.au/index.php/ejap/article/view/71/100
(
Sillick
&
Schutte
, 2006, p. 40)
Slide21
On Compiling an Annotated Bibliography
Plan your research
efficiently
Be organized, consistent, accurate, thorough, and detail oriented
Use Interlibrary Loan (ILL) to get articles, as you want the most relevant articles, not just those available immediately through the library
Set the
overall organization and content of each major
sectionSlide22
3 Ways to Organize Entries:
Alphabetically by author
Used least often
Chronologically by date of publication
Use when research has developed in stages, or
Use when research generally does
not
focus on particular works or topics
Topically by subject
Use when an author has written in several genres, or
Use when scholarship generally focuses on individual works or distinct topics
Keep it simple, as complicated breakdowns make it difficult to use
Consult your mentor for your requirementsSlide23
Three Major Tasks:
Examine the main articles thoroughly:
Reread all the primary texts and major studies
Compile a list of themes
Decide what types of works you will include:
Journal articles
(for this project)
Define your limits
Include all articles that are wholly or mostly about your topic, even those that seem wrong, outrageous, or out of date
Know your style manual wellSlide24
Three Major Tasks for
Compiling Entries:
Identifying scholarly articles
Keep a record of resources you have searched
Record and look at even vague, ambiguous, or uninformative articles that may discuss your topic
Obtaining journal articles
Find them in our print or online library collections
Find them on the Internet (try Google Scholar)
Use Interlibrary Loan through
ILLiad
Writing entries
Learn your citation style
Establish your subject termsSlide25
What Kind of Annotations?Approach or Degree of Evaluation
How overt will your evaluation be?
Evaluate based on quality and significance of a study, not your critical biases
Annotations that reflect prejudice against a particular methodology, critical theory, or type of scholarship breed distrust in usersSlide26
What type of Annotations?
ParaphraseUses the point of view of the item
Provides
a
short transcription in the order of the original
Commentary
Uses a disinterested perspective to cover the main concerns of the item and its approach to them
May describe the author's argument
Focuses on what the original is about rather
than in what it
says
You are the expert
Summary
Edits or organizes in a shorter form
Transcribes, but in comparison to commentary, summary is shorter
Is proportionally lengthy (longer articles=longer abstracts
)Slide27
What type of Annotations?
Descriptive
Main
purpose or idea
Contents
Author’s conclusions
Intended audience
Author’s research methods
Special features of the work such as illustrations, etc.
No value judgments
Critical
Author’s
bias or tone
Author’s qualifications for writing the work
Accuracy of information provided
Limitations or significant omissions
Contribution to the literature of the subject
Comparison with other works on the topic
Value judgments
Conclusions or recommendationsSlide28
Example: Descriptive Annotation
London, H. (1982). Five myths of the television age." Television Quarterly
10
(1), 81-89.
Herbert London, the Dean of Journalism at New York University and author of several books and articles, explains how television contradicts five commonly believed ideas. He uses specific examples of events seen on television, such as the assassination of John Kennedy, to illustrate his points. His examples have been selected to contradict such truisms as: "seeing is believing"; "a picture is worth a thousand words"; and "satisfaction is its own reward." London uses logical arguments to support his ideas which are his personal opinion. He doesn't refer to any previous works on the topic. London's style and vocabulary would make the article of interest to any reader.Slide29
Example: Critical Annotation
London, H. (1982). Five myths of the television age." Television Quarterly
10
(1), 81-89.
Herbert London, the Dean of Journalism at New York University and author of several books and articles, explains how television contradicts five commonly believed ideas. He uses specific examples of events seen on television, such as the assassination of John Kennedy, to illustrate his points. His examples have been selected to contradict such truisms as: "seeing is believing"; "a picture is worth a thousand words"; and "satisfaction is its own reward." London uses logical arguments to support his ideas which are his personal opinion. He doesn't refer to any previous works on the topic; however, for a different point of view, one should refer to Joseph Patterson's, "Television is Truth" (
The Journal of Television
45 (6) November/December 1995: 120-135). London's style and vocabulary would make the article of interest to any reader. The article clearly illustrates London's points, but does not explore their implications, leaving the reader with many unanswered questions.Slide30
What style of Annotations?Tense
Historical present is most commonP
assive voice should be avoided
Use a variety of verbs (See
handout for examples)
Sentences
Compose “paraphrase
” annotations
with complete sentences In “commentary
” annotations,
subjectless
sentences are acceptable. However, do not omit articles, prepositions, etc. as this reduces readabilitySlide31
Final Comments:Consistency is important
Reread your entries to check for
consistency
Good
annotations give the essence of the work
Read the entire work, not just beginning and end
Lastly, number your entriesSlide32
References
Annotated bibliographies. (2012). Retrieved from http://libguides.library.umkc.edu/annotatedbibliography
Guidelines for preparing an annotated bibliography, (n. d.) Retrieved from http://library.uwb.edu/ guides/annotations.html
Harner
, James L. (2000).
On compiling an annotated bibliography
(2nd ed.). New York: Modern Language Association of America.
How to write annotated bibliographies. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.library.mun.ca/guides/howto/ annotated_bibl.php
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association
(6th ed.). (2010).Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Reed, Lois E. (
n.d
.). Performing a literature review. Retrieved from http://www.iris.ethz.ch/msrl/education/
iris_studies
/
pdf
/ literature_review.pdf