PPT-Scientific Notation, Conversions and Significant Digits

Learning Goals convert numbers to scientific notation convert measurements using the metric system identify the number of significant digits in a measurement Scientific Notation. Measurements are always approximate. They depend on the precision of the measuring instrument – that is the amount of information that the instrument can provide.. Look at the graduations on a beaker versus the graduations on a graduated cylinder. Which instrument will provide better information?. Multiplying Numbers in Scientific Notation. Multiply the decimal numbers together.. Add the exponents to get the power of 10. . General formula. : . . (N X 10. x. ) (M X 10. y. ) = (N) (M) X 10. Precision and Design. Chapter 1. Chemistry: An Introduction. Section 1.1: Chemistry: The Science of Matter. Chemistry-the branch of science that deals with the study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes. Objectives:. State the purpose of significant digits. State and apply the rules for counting and doing calculations with significant digits. One way engineers use significant digits….. What's so significant about significant digits?. &. Scientific Notation. Significant Figures. Scientist use significant figures to determine how precise a measurement is. Significant digits in a measurement include all of the known digits plus one estimated digit. Multiplying Numbers in Scientific Notation. Multiply the decimal numbers together.. Add the exponents to get the power of 10. . General formula. : . . (N X 10. x. ) (M X 10. y. ) = (N) (M) X 10. RULES FOR SIGNIFICANT DIGITS. 1. Non-zero digits are ALWAYS significant.. . Example-. 123456789. 2. Zeros that are between other significant digits are ALWAYS significant.. . Example. - 3004 . 3. Final zeros that occur before or after the decimal are ALWAYS significant.. 5700. 1. 2. 3. 4. Multiply. 843.5 * 21103. 17800380.5. 1.780 x 10. 8. 1.780 x 10. 7. 17800000. Which of the following instruments would give you the most accurate measurement?. Round to 3 significant digits.. There have been many . serious incidents. that have resulted from errors in converting between systems of units.. Air Canada Flight 143. (Google it for more details). Unit Conversion Accidents. $125 million Mars Climate Orbiter.. REALLY, REALLY . BIG . OR. . REALLY, REALLY . SMALL. . NUMBERS.. Mathematicians . are Lazy!!!. They decided that by using powers of 10, they can create short versions of long numbers.. Rules for Scientific Notation. Diploma ExaminationsSignificant Digits measured values1For all non-logarithmic values regardless of decimal position any of the digits 1 to 9 is a significant digit 0 may be significant For example 12 210,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 miles. (22 zeros). This number is written in decimal notation. When numbers get this large, it is easier to write them in scientific notation.. Scientific Notation. A number is expressed in scientific notation when it is in the form. 4. 3. 2. 1. 0. In addition to 3, student will be able to go above and beyond by applying what they know about working with . integer . exponents..  .  .  .  .  . The student will be able to work with . Length is measured by observing the marked lines at . the end . of a ruler. The last digit in your measurement is an . estimate, obtained by . visually dividing the space between the marked lines.. Learning Goal .