Ed Church PE SCG Enterprises Inc CPOW 2014 Has the geology changed Has the soil changed Has the groundwater changed WHAT HAS CHANGED CPOW 2014 GEOLOGY AND SOILS FOR REGULATION 43 0WTS ID: 783140
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REGULATION 43GEOLOGY AND SOILS
Ed Church, P.E.SCG Enterprises, Inc.
CPOW 2014
Slide2Has the geology changed?Has the soil changed?Has the groundwater changed?
WHAT HAS CHANGED?CPOW 2014
GEOLOGY AND SOILS FOR REGULATION 43 – 0WTS
Slide3How we observe subsurface conditions, classify the soils and evaluate moisture conditions?
Attempt to provide guides to getting the Soil Types of Table 10.1A major consideration is STRUCTURE
CPOW 2014
Slide4Unified Soils Classification* – Civil EngineersAASHTO – Highway Engineers
Another for runwaysPercolation Tests with Unified ClassificationGeologic*Agricultural soil morphology – SCS, which is where CO is joining most other states*
Well sorted means exact opposite in Geologic and Engineering Classifications. Geologic, all one size, Engr., a variety of sizes, SW
CPOW 2014
What classifications system?
Slide5IGNEOUS – everything starts hereSEDIMENTARY – weathering and erosion of other rock or soil
METAMORPHIC – igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic material that has been reconstructed under heat and pressure.CPOW 2014
BUT FIRST GEOLOGY – BASIC ROCK TYPES
Slide6CPOW 2014
Slide7Granite - Quartz Monzonite - Granodiorite volcanic Basalt
lavaCPOW 2014
IGNEOUS
Slide8CPOW 2014
VOLCANIC LAVA / BASALT
Slide9CPOW 2014GRANITE
Slide10SandstoneShale / claystone
MudstoneArkoseLimestone
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SEDIMENTARY
Slide11SEDIMENTARY
CPOW 2014 DAKOTA
DAWSON
Slide12Quartzite – Sandstone with heat and pressureSchist – Shale with heat and pressureGneiss – mix of sandstone, shale and other metamorphic
Shale – Claystone with heat and pressureMarble – Limestone with heat and pressureCPOW 2014
METAMORPHIC
Slide13CPOW 2014METAMORPHIC
Slide14How landforms develop:Mountains with valleys – HIGHPlateaus
TerracesBasinsGreat PlainLakes and offshore - LOW
CPOW 2014
GEOMORPHOLOGY
Slide15USDA SOIL PERC RATE STRUCTURE REG 43
Sandy Clay 40 Massive 3Sandy Clay 70 Massive 3ASandy Clay 100 Massive 4AWhat is the difference – USDA Structure-Shape
None, Prismatic, Block, Granular or Platy
AND
- USDA Structure Grade
0-Single Grain, 1-Weak, 2-Moderate, 3-Moderate or
Massive
CPOW 2014
WHAT DOES THIS MEAN TO REG 43
Slide16To get to the various Soil Treatment capabilities, the soil has gone thru a geologic/geomorphic history, which results in the soil’s ability to treat effluent.
This history includes: weathering, transportation, compaction and moisture conditions resulting in a Soil Structure.CPOW 2014
What is the difference?
Slide17With granular materials, there is a general improvement in treatment capability as the material is weather and erodes from granite and other “hard rocks” to smaller sand sizes capable of treatment.
The exception is Dawson Arkose which contains clay minerals in sand sizes which do not treat effluent at granular rates.
CPOW 2014
GRANULAR - Sand
Slide18Cohesive soils are fine grained and generally have poorer treatment capabilities. Percolation rates are much slower and larger treatment areas (drainfields) are required.
Structure is very important and includes: Prismatic, Blocky, Massive and PlatyIn between is silt, which may have a combination of properties.
CPOW 2014
COHESIVE, CLAY
Slide19These are derived from weathering inplace of underlying bedrock.
Sand/decomposed granite from granite. What is the difference between decomposed and weathered granite?Clay from weathering of shale and claystone
CPOW 2014
RESIDUAL SOILS
Slide20Soils moved by gravity and most frequently by water. The movement sorts material by size, so that the further it has been transported, the more uniform the size of material and the better the treatment capability.
Colluvium, alluvium and glacial till and moraines.CPOW 2014
TRANSPORTED SOILS
Slide21USDA /CO SOIL PROFILE
TYPICAL
COLORADO
CPOW 2014
Slide22GRANITE / GRANODIORITE / DECOMPOSED GRANITE / DAWSON AKROSEPIERRE SHALE / MANCOS SHALE
CLAYSTONECPOW 2014
3 DIFFICULT SOIL/BEDROCK CONDITIONS OF COLORADO
Slide23All similar chemically, but vary due to state of weathering and transport
.What is the difference between weathering and decomposition?Arkose is defined as having 25% clay forming minerals.
CPOW 2014
GRANITE / GRANODIORITE / DECOMPOSED GRANITE / DAWSON
AKROSE
Slide24CPOW 2014Granite
Slide25CPOW 2014Decomposed Granite
Slide26CPOW 2014Granite as Soil
Slide27CPOW 2014
WEATHERED FRACTURE
GRANITE
Slide28SEDIMENTARYFountain Formation, Jefferson County
CPOW 2014
Slide29CPOW 2014Dawson Arkose as Bedrock
Slide30CPOW 2014
DAWSON ARKOSE SLOPE
Slide31CPOW 2014Dawson Arkose as Soil
Slide32Being shale: The Pierre & Mancos can occur as hard fractured rock with permeability through fractures similar to igneous or metamorphic materials – requiring Treatment Level 2 or greater
orAs a claystone or clay with no fractures and little permeability as a sedimentary material – requiring design as 3, 4 or 5 Soil Type
CPOW 2014
Pierre / Mancos Shale
Slide33CPOW 2014
Pierre Shale overlain by gravel terrace material, Roaring Fork Valley
Slide34CPOW 2014
Claystone / Clay
Slide35Ed Church, P.E.SCG Enterprises, Inc.
303-808-7723echurch@scgenterprises.com
CPOW 2014
QUESTONS?