Hamlet Shakespeare’s sources - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Hamlet

Shakespeare’s

sources

„The

ultimate

source

of

the

Hamlet

story is

Saxo

Grammaticus

’

Historica

Danica

(1180-1208),

the

saga

of

one

Amlothi

or

(

as

Saxo

calls

him

)

Amlethus

. The

outline

of

the

story

i

s

essentially

that

of Shakespeare’s play,

even

though

the

emphasis

of

the

Danish

saga

is

overwhelmingly

on

cunning

,

brutality

, and

bloody

revenge

.” –David

Bevington

,

The

Bantam

Shakespeare

Horwendil

,

Feng

,

Gerutha

Translation

of

Saxo

into

French

by

Francois de

Bellforest

Histoires

Tragiques

(1576)

Thomas

Kyd

’s

The

Spanish

Tragedy

(1587)

German

play

Der

bestrafte

Brudermord

(

Fratricide

Punished

),

based

on

text

used

by

English

actors

traveling

in

Germany

in

1586 and

afterward

„No

source

study

in

Shakespeare

reveals

so

clearly

the

extent

of Shakespeare’s

wholesale

borrowing

of

plot

, and

the

incredible

transformation

he

achieved

in

reordering

his

materials

.” –

The

Bantam

Shakespeare

„A

recurring

motif

in

Hamlet

is of a

seemingly

healthy

exterior

concealing

an

interior

sickness

.” –David

Bevington

,

The

Bantam

Shakespeare

Key

question

: „

Does

what

Hamlet is

asked

to

do

make

any

sense

,

given

the

bestial

nature

of man and

the

impossibility

of

knowing

what

is right?”

--Bevington

To be, or not to be--that is the question:

Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer

The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune

Or to take arms against a sea of troubles

And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--

No more--and by a sleep to say we end

The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks

That flesh is heir to.

'Tis

a consummation

Devoutly to be wished. To die, to sleep--

To sleep--perchance to dream: ay, there's the rub,

For in that sleep of death what dreams may come

When we have shuffled off this mortal coil,

Must give us pause. There's the respect

That makes calamity of so long life.

For who would bear the whips and scorns of time,

Th

' oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely

The pangs of despised love, the law's delay,

The insolence of office, and the spurns

That patient merit of

th

' unworthy takes,

When he himself might his quietus make

With a bare bodkin? Who would

fardels

bear,

To grunt and sweat under a weary life,

But that the dread of something after death,

The undiscovered country, from whose bourn

No traveller returns, puzzles the will,

And makes us rather bear those ills we have

Than fly to others that we know not of?

Thus conscience does make cowards of us all,

And thus the native hue of resolution

Is

sicklied

o'er with the pale cast of thought,

And enterprise of great pitch and moment

With this regard their currents turn awry

And lose the name of action.

Hamlet:

Will

you

play

upon

this

pipe

?

Guildenstern

:

My

lord, I

cannot

.

Hamlet: I

pray

you

.

Guildenstern

:

Believe

me

, I

cannot

.

Hamlet: I

do

beseech

you

.

Guildenstern

: I

know

no

touch

of

it

,

my

lord.

Hamlet:

It

is

as

easy

as

lying

.

Govern

these

ventages

with

your

fingers

and

thumb

,

give

it

breath

with

your

mouth

,

and

it

will

discourse

most

eloquent

music

.

Look

you

,

these

are

the

stops

.

Guildenstern

:

But

these

cannot

I

command

to

any

utterance

of

harmony

. I

have

not

the

skill

.

Hamlet:

Why

,

look

you

now

,

how

unworthy

a

thing

you

make

of

me

!

You

would

play

upon

me

,

you

would

seem

to

know

my

stops

,

you

would

pluck

out

the

heart

of

my

mystery

,

you

would

sound

me

from

my

lowest

note

to

the

top of

my

compass

, and

there

is

much

music

,

excellent

voice

,

in

this

little

organ

,

yet

cannot

you

make

it

speak

. ’

Sblood

,

do

you

think

I am

easier

to

be played

on

than

a

pipe

?

Call

me

what

instrument

you

will

,

though

you

can

fret

me

,

you

cannot

play

upon

me

.

3.2

Hamlet:

Let

me

be

cruel

,

not

unnatural

; I

will

speak

daggers

to

her

,

but

use

none

.

My

tongue

and

my

soul

in

this

be

hypocrites

:

how

in

my

words

soever

she

be

silent

,

to

give

them

seals

never

my

soul

consent

!..

You

go

not

till

I

set

you

up

a

glass

where

you

may

see

the

inmost

part of

you

.

Hamlet: A

bloody

deed

—almost

as

bad

,

good

Mother

,

as

kill

a

king

and

marry

with

his

brother

.

Queen

:

What

have

I

done

,

that

thou

dar

’

st

wag

thy

tongue

in

noise

so

rude

against

me

?

Hamlet:

Such

an

act

that

blurs

the

grace

and

blush

of

modesty

,

calls

virtue

hypocrite

,

takes

off

the

rose

from

the

fair

forehead

of an

innocent

love and

sets

a

blister

there

,

makes

marriage

vows

as

false

as

dicers

’

oaths

. O,

such

a

deed

as

from

the

body of

contraction

plucks

the

very

soul

, and

sweet

religion

makes

a

rhapsody

of

words

.

Heaven

’s

face

does

glow

o’

er

this

solidity

and

compound

mass

with

tristful

visage

,

as

against

the

doom

, is

thought-sick

at

the

act

.

Hamlet:

To

what

base

uses

we

may

return

,

Horatio

!

Why

may

not

imagination

trace

the

noble

dust

of Alexander

till

’a

find

it

stopping

a

bunghole

?

Horatio

: ’

Twere

to

consider

too

curiously

to

consider

so

.

Hamlet: No,

faith

,

not

a

jot

,

but

to

follow

him

thither

with

modesty

enough

, and

likelihood

to

lead

it

.

As

thus

: Alexander

died

,

Alexander

was

buried

,

Alexander

returneth

to

dust

,

the

dust

is

earth

, of

earth

we

make

loam

, and

why

of

that

loam

whereto

he

was

converted

might

they

not

stop a

beer

barrel?

Imperious

Caesar,

dead

and

turned

to

clay

,

might

stop a

hole

to

keep

the

wind

away

. O,

that

that

earth

which

kept

the

world

in

awe

should

patch a

wall

t’

expel

the

winter

’s

flaw

!

5.1

Laertes

: Exchange

forgiveness

with

me

,

noble

Hamlet.

Mine

and

my

father

’s

death

come

not

upon

thee

,

nor

thine

on

me

!

Hamlet:

Heaven

make

thee

free of

it

! I

follow

thee

.

5.2

„…

although

human life is

indeed

vain

,

providence

will

reveal

a

pattern

transcending

human

sorrow

…

w

hat

had

seemed

so

impossible

when

Hamlet

tried

to

formulate

his

own

design

now

proves

elementary

once

he

trusts

to

heaven

’s

justice

…Hamlet is

revenged

without

having

to

commit

premeditated

murder

and is

relieved

of

his

painful

existence

without

having

to

commit

suicide

.” –

Bevington

„

When

our

deep

plots

do

pall

, and

that

should

learn

us

there

’s a

divinity

that

shapes

our

ends

,

rough-hew

them

how

we

will

.” (5.2.6-11)

„

There

is

special

providence

in

the

fall

of a

sparrow

.” (5.2.217-218)

„

Hamlet

is a

study

of

death

and

dying

…

death

is

the

most

recurrent

theme

in

the

play…he…

reminds

the

Players

that

the

purpose

of

acting

, ‚

both

at

the

first

and

now

,

was

and

is

to

hold

as

‚

twere

the

mirror

up

to

nature

…’ And Hamlet’s

method

,

like

Shakespeare’s, is

to

use

theater

to

further

his

plot

…

to

answer

unanswerable

questions

, and

ultimately

,

perhaps

,

to

put

off

the

death

that

haunts

him

.” –Joseph Papp,

foreword

,

The

Bantam

Shakespeare

„

If

it

be

now

, ’

tis

not

to

come

;

if

it

be

not

to

come

,

it

will

be

now

;

if

it

be

not

now

,

yet

it

will

come

. The

readiness

is

all

.” (5.2.218-220)