2016-2017 Introduction to the Monotheistic Religions of the - PowerPoint Presentation

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2016-2017 Introduction to the Monotheistic Religions of the Middle EastSlide2

The Three Religions

Judaism,

Jew

Christianity, ChristianIslam, Muslim

Star of David

The Cross

Crescent Moon and StarSlide3

Religion

Judaism

Christianity

Islam

Diety

God

Yahweh,

Elohim

GodGod

Allah

Holy Book

“People of the book”

Torah

(Old Test.)

Bible

(Old and New Test.)

Qur’an

(Koran)

Religious Law

Halakhah

Canon Law

Sharia

Place of Worship

Synagogue

Church

Chapel

Cathedral

Mosque

Clergy

Rabbis

Priest, Minister, Pastor

ImamSlide4

Some Similarities

Monotheistic

Abrahamic

– Recognize Abraham as Patriarch (father)Consider city of Jerusalem to be HolyAll connected to parts of the Bible.Slide5

Origins of the Three Monotheistic ReligionsSlide6

Abraham

Believed to be the world’s first monotheist

Appears in the holy scriptures of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Lived sometime between 2100 and 1500 BCBorn in the country we now know as Iraq and journeyed to Canaan, which we know now as IsraelHe made this journey because God told him to “Go forth from your land and your birthplace and your father’s house to the land I will show you. I will make you a great nation and I will bless you and make your name great.”Slide7

Abraham

Once settled in Canaan after a lengthy journey over many years, Abraham still did not have any children with his wife Sarah.

At the age of 90, Sarah persuaded Abraham to have a child with her servant Hagar.

The child of Abraham and Hagar was called Ishmael.Then Sarah became pregnant by Abraham, and that child was named Isaac.With Isaac’s birth, Abraham banished Hagar and Ishmael. Hagar and Ishmael wandered in the desert until they found a sacred well at the site of present-day Mecca.Slide8

Descendants of Abraham

For

Jews, Abraham is the first of the Patriarchs, a direct ancestor of the “Children of Israel” in the Hebrew Bible and of the Jewish People to the present day.

Christians trace the family tree of Jesus back to Abraham through both Mary and Joseph who are the descendants of Isaac.While Muslims trace the ancestry of the Prophet Muhammad through Abraham’s (Ibrahim in Arabic) eldest son, Ishmael (Isma’il in Arabic).This is why all three religions accept the Old Testament as part of their religious texts.Slide9

ABRAHAM

SARAH

HAGAR

Isaac

Esau

Jacob/Israel

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Tribes of Israel

Ishmael

12 Arabian Tribes

Islam-Quran

Other 10 tribes-(Israelites) (Hebrews)

Judaism-Torah

Abraham’s Genealogy

2 Tribes - (Jews) of Judah

Jesus Christ (son of God)

The Hebrew Bible - Old Testament in the Christian Bible

Mecca

(Muslims

)

Muhammad (the last prophet)

Quran and the Five Pillars of Islam

4000–550 BC

All 3 Religions are linked by Abraham—He is the patriarch of all 3Slide10

Brief History on Origins

Judaism

- The Hebrew leader Abraham founded Judaism around 2000 B.C.

Judaism is the oldest of the monotheistic faiths (religions with one God).Christianity - Founded by Jesus Christ, who was crucified around A.D. 30 in Jerusalem After his death his followers came to believe in him as the Christ, the Messiah.Islam - Founded in Arabia by Muhammad between A.D. 610 and A.D. 632Slide11

Monotheistic BeliefsSlide12

Monotheistic Beliefs----One God

Judaism

: One

God called Yahweh and ElohimChristianity: Trinity (God the father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit)Islam: One God called Allah

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Divine Revelation---God’s Words

How do we know about God?

Judaism: through prophets in Old Testament; recorded in the Hebrew BibleChristianity: through prophets in Old Testament and Jesus as recorded in the Old and New TestamentIslam: through God’s final prophet Muhammad; recorded in the Qur’an

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Views on JesusSlide15

Identity of Jesus

Judaism:

False

prophet---Still waiting for the Messiah from the Old TestamentChristianity: Son of God, the Messiah, SaviorIslam: prophet of God; Not the Messiah or Son of God

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Death of Jesus

Judaism:

death by Crucifixion

Christianity: death by CrucifixionIslam: Did not die, but ascended into heaven (a disciple took his place)

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Resurrection of Jesus

Judaism

: Denied

Christianity: AffirmedIslam: Denied; since he did not die

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Means to Salvation and AfterlifeSlide19

Means of Salvation

Judaism

: Belief in one God; good

deeds; follow the Ten CommandmentsChristianity: correct belief, good deeds; by faith accept Christ as Savior (Protestants); follow the Ten CommandmentsIslam: Belief in one God; good deeds; follow the Ten Commandments; and follow Five Pillars of Faith

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Afterlife

Judaism

: eternal

heavenChristianity: eternal heaven/ eternal hellIslam: eternal paradise (heaven)/ eternal hell

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