Albert Gallatin - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Albert Gallatin

Jefferson’s secretary of the treasury

agreed that the debt created high taxes

that creditors manipulated to their own advantage.

Gallatin promised to eliminate the national debt in sixteen years by reducing both military expenditures and the size of government.Slide2

Federalists wanted strong federal authority to restrain the excesses of popular majorities

the Democratic-Republicans wanted to reduce national authority so that the people could rule more directly

Adams ran as Jefferson's main opponent, running mates Jefferson and Aaron BurrBoth Jefferson and Burr tiedThe election was decided in the House of Representatives Jefferson won, but distrusted BurrSignificance first peaceful transition of political power between opposing parties

Election of 1800Slide3

Jefferson’s inaugural address laid out his goals

Respect for power of states

Defense of Bill of RightsSmall federal stateKept many Federalist policies in placeKept Bank of U.S.kept many Federalist officeholdersBut…

he reduced the Navy’s size

cancelled debtsshunned the regality of the presidency

The Jeffersonians in PowerSlide4

Efforts to purge Federalists from the courts

Repealed Judiciary Act of 1801

Midnight judgesImpeachments against John Pickering and Samuel ChaseJohn Marshall at the Supreme CourtMarbury v. Madison

Introduced practice of

judicial review in the

Supreme CourtCourt not taken

very seriously

The

Jeffersonians

in PowerSlide5

Justice Marshall

Marshall’s complex ruling deemed Marbury's request reasonable given the particulars of the case.

However, the Court could not decide the case on its particulars, because the particular redress sought was not constitutional. Slide6

American merchant ships entering the Mediterranean Sea were subject to seizure by pirates operating out of Tripoli, Algiers, Tunis, and Morocco. Slide7

Louisiana Purchase

Opportunity presented because of French setbacks in the Caribbean

Would protect American access to Mississippi and enlarge countryRaised constitutional questions for JeffersonResolved them by reasoning that ends justified the meansSlide8

Significance of the Louisiana Purchase

Jefferson began plans for the Lewis and Clark Expedition before the Louisiana

Purchase.The Louisiana Territory was then unknownJefferson wanted (in secrecy) the land for nation-buildingNation's population rose to more than 5.3 million people by the census of 1800Slide9

President Jefferson held “dual” notions concerning Indians

Throughout his life he admired Cherokees and other Indian groups

Jefferson’s position changed after the Louisiana Purchase in 1803.American Indians, according to Jefferson, must change, become Europeanized, or become extinct.Jefferson’s Attitude TowardAmerican IndiansSlide10

Jefferson’s Attitude Toward

American Indians

In secret messages to his cabinet and Congress, Jefferson outlined a plan for removal of all Native Americans east of the Mississippi.Jefferson wanted to make sure that this land would never fall to the French or the British.Slide11

The trial of Aaron Burr

Opportunity

Presented new problems for Jefferson’s 2nd termSlide12

British “impressment”

became a problem in 1790s Slide13

At first, the United States profited by selling to both

belligerents

Battle of Trafalgar (1805)After war reached stalemate in 1805, both sides began interfering with American tradeEngland: puts forth another Orders in Council  called the Rule of 1756

British start impressing

Americans into service in the British navy (again!)Slide14

Confrontation

between

Chesapeake and Leopard, 1807The Leopard fired on the American shipJefferson decision for economic coercionSlide15

Embargo Act, 1808

Suspended U.S. trade with all foreign countries

Had disastrous consequences for U.S. economyMadison administration inherited bad situationReplaced Embargo with Non-Intercourse Act, 1809Reopened trade with all nations save Britain and FranceProved largely ineffectiveEnforcement was extremely laxActually, manufacturing increased

Jefferson and the BritishSlide16

Madison and Neutrality

James Madison the new president in 1808

Continued Jefferson’s pressure on BritishThe “Non-Intercourse Act” 1809 Slide17

Macon’s Bill No. 2, 1810

Reopened trade with everyone but would reinstate against one belligerent if the other ceased interfering in American trade

Madison drawn into French trap to escalate tensions with BritainSlide18

War Hawk Congress

American Indians renewed their protest of American westward advancement

Tecumseh’s Indian confederation allied itself with Britain, along with brother, TenskwatawaTenskwatawa, or the “Prophet” became an inspirational spiritual leader not only among the Shawnee, but many neighboring tribesOpposition  William

Henry

HarrisonTreaty of Fort Wayne

Defeated the Shawnee at Battles of Thames and Horseshoe BendSlide19

In May 1805, Tenskawatwa experienced

the first of several visions.

After one of his first alcoholic stupors he fell into a fire and was thought dead. Unexpectedly reviving, he recounted a powerful vision and soon began preaching about purification.Slide20

William Henry

Harrison

governor of the Indiana Territory saw both Tecumseh and Prophet a dangerous combination of military and religious appeal. September 1811  Harrison led an attack with 1000 men to Tecumseh's

stronghold at Prophetstown Slide21

Tecumseh was

not

ready to fight the U.S. and was away recruiting allies when Harrison's army arrived. Tenskwatawa was not a military man, but in charge. ultimately, Harrison drove off the Indians when their ammunition ran low