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Density Unit 2 Fluids Mass Density Unit 2 Fluids Mass

Density Unit 2 Fluids Mass - PowerPoint Presentation

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Density Unit 2 Fluids Mass - PPT Presentation

We can measure mass by using a balance or a digital scale Volume Volume is a measurement of the amount of space occupied by the substance How can we measure volume Liquids can be measured using a measuring cup or a graduated cylinder ID: 661649

water density volume air density water air volume wood salt particles energy mass examples change decreases balloon natural tire

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Slide1

Density

Unit 2 FluidsSlide2

Mass

We can measure

mass

by using a balance or a digital scale. Slide3

Volume

Volume

is a measurement of the amount of space occupied by the substance.

How can we measure volume?

Liquids

can be measured using a measuring cup or a graduated cylinder. Slide4

Volume

Gases

can be determined by measuring the volume of the container it is in.

I

rregular solids

can be determined by immersing them into a beaker of water and measuring the volume of the displaced fluid.

Displacement

is the amount of space that an object takes up when placed in a fluid.Slide5

Volume

4.

Regular solids

can be determined by measuring the length, width, and height:

V = l × w × h.Slide6

How to Calculate Density

Density (D) =

Mass (m)

or simply, D=

_m

Volume V

Or V=

m

and m = V x D

DSlide7

Sample Problem

Find the density of a 10 g mass of a substance that has a volume of 2.0 cm

3

.

D =

m

D=

10g

= 5 g/

cm

3

V

2.0 cm

3Slide8

Sample Problem

You want to put 10.0 g of salt into a container. If the density of salt is 2.16 g /cm

3

, what is the volume of the container if the salt completely fills it?

V=

m

V=

10.0 g

V=

4.6

g/cm

3

D 2.16 g/cm

3Slide9

Sample Problem

What is the mass of 1500 mL of helium, if the density of helium is 0.0002 g/mL?

m= D x V m= 0.0002 g/mL x 1500 mL m= 0.3 gSlide10

Changes in Density

As Temperature Increases

Particles Gain Energy

Particles spread out

Decrease in Density

As Temperature Decreases

Particles Lose Energy

Particles closer together

Increase in DensitySlide11

Examples of Changes in Density

Hot Air Balloons

(intentional change)

a gas burner that heats the air inside the balloon

particles gain energy and spread further apart

the density of air inside the balloon decreases (less dense than air surrounding the balloon)

so it rises

pilot controls the altitude of the balloon by controlling the amount of heat Slide12

Examples of Changes in Density

Warm vs. Cool Tire

Pressure (natural change)

Tires on an automobile need more air during the winter than they do during the summer.

Winter

as the temperatures decrease particles lose energy and take up less space.

the density of the air decreases, and the tire deflates a little

Summer

increasing temperatures increases particle energy (spread further apart)

air in the tire expands

tire inflatesSlide13

Examples of Changes in Density

water in its three states – natural change

Most substances are denser in their solid state than in their liquid state; water is an exception

when water freezes, it expands and its density decreases (this is why ice floats)

otherwise, water follows the normal trendSlide14

Examples of Changes in Density

drying of wood (seasoning of wood) – natural change

freshly cut wood from a living tree is much heavier than wood that has been cut and dried in the air

water evaporates and is replaced with air

air is much less dense than water, so dry wood is less dense than moist wood (and easier to burn)Slide15

Examples of Changes in Density

salt water being easier to float in – natural change

much easier to float in salt water than in fresh water

the density of salt water is greater than that of fresh water