PSA Indianas Not Buying It Internationally Second largest and fastest growing criminal enterprise 1 27 million victims 2 1 million children exploited in commercial sex every year 3 ID: 712431
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Slide1
Human Trafficking
A DEMAND Problem Slide2
PSA: Indiana’s Not Buying It Slide3
Internationally
Second largest and fastest growing criminal enterprise
(1)
27 million victims
(2)
1 million children exploited in commercial sex every year
(3)$150.2 billion dollars generated worldwide (4)Locally More than 100 tips were investigated by law enforcement in Indiana in 2014.
Human Trafficking in Numbers
Administration for Children & Families, U.S. DEPT. OF HEALTH & HUMAN SERVICES, http://www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking/about/index.html (last visited Jan. 13, 2012).
U.S. Dept. of State Trafficking in Persons Report (2012
), available at
http://www.state.gov/j/tip/rls/tiprpt/2012/index.htm.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, THE FACTS ABOUT CHILD SEX TOURISM (2005) at p.22 (2005),
available at
http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/47255.pdf
International
Labour
Office, Profits and Poverty: The Economics of Forced
Labour
(2014), available at
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---declaration/documents/publication/wcms_243391.pdf
. See also
Remarks at the Release of the 2014 Trafficking in Persons Report, U.S. Dept. of State
(June 20, 2014) available at
http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/06/228083.htm
. See also
Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights: The Economics of Forced Labor, U.S. Dept. of State
(June 2014), available at
http://www.state.gov/secretary/remarks/2014/06/228083.htm
.Slide4
Did you know?
Amanda Walker-Rodriguez & Rodney Hill,
Human Sex Trafficking
, FED.
BUREAU INVESTIGATION (Mar. 2011), http://www.fbi.gov/statsservices/publications/law-enforcementbulletin/march_2011/human_sex_trafficking
Human Trafficking/Trafficking in Persons, Dept. of Justice Statistics, http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=tp&tid=40 (last visited 1/14/2012).Slide5
12-14
is the average age that U.S. kids are first pulled into commercial sex.
(2)
Some research indicates that the average age of entry for U.S. girls is 12 to 14, while the average age for U.S. boys and transgender youth is 11 to 13.
See
Amanda Walker-Rodriguez and Rodney Hill,
Human Sex Trafficking, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin (March, 2011), available at http://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/law-enforcement-bulletin/march_2011/human_sex_trafficking. See also Ernie Allen, President and CEO of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children, speaking to the House Victims’ Rights Caucus Human Trafficking Caucus, Cong. Rec., 111th Cong., 2nd sess., 2010.
Did you know?
She’s NOT. Slide6
Origin and Destination Countries
The following map indicates the demand from the U.S. and other wealthy countries.
Why is demand important?Slide7
What is Human Trafficking?
Sex Trafficking:
When a commercial sex act is induced by force, fraud, or coercion, or in which the person induced to perform such act has not attained 18 years of age;
or
Labor Trafficking:
The recruitment, harboring, transportation, provision, or obtaining of a person for labor or services, through the use of force, fraud, or coercion for the purpose of subjection to involuntary servitude, peonage, debt bondage, or slavery. (1)Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, Pub. L. No. 106-386 (2000), available at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/10492.pdf.Slide8
Force
Kidnapping
Torture
Battering
Threats with Weapons
Sexual Abuse
ConfinementForced use of DrugsForced AbortionsDenial of Medical CareFraudPromises of Valid ImmigrationDocumentsVictim told to use false travel papersContract signed for Legitimate WorkPromised Job differs from ActualityPromises of Money or SalaryMisrepresentation of Work ConditionsWooing into Romantic RelationshipCoercionDebt BondageThreats of Harm to Victim or FamilyControl of ChildrenControlled CommunicationPhotographing in Illegal Situations
Holding ID/Travel DocumentsVerbal or Psychological AbuseControl of Victims MoneyPunishments for Misbehavior
What is Force, Fraud and Coercion? Slide9
Human Trafficking vs
. Prostitution
Human Trafficking requires that the victim has been compelled to prostitute through force, fraud or coercion. The profit is often taken by the
trafficker
.
Human Trafficking vs. Smuggling
Smuggling is the illegal transportation of a person across international borders.Smuggling is typically voluntary, and the person is free to leave afterwards.A trafficked person may be transported into a country, but the person is then exploited for financial gain through labor or services.Human Trafficking vs. Sexual AssaultHuman Trafficking requires that the
person has been forced to provide sexual services
for profit. If other factors are present, sexual assault can be a type of control in a
trafficking scenario.
Human Trafficking vs. Other crimes Slide10
Who is involved in trafficking?
The
recruiter
gains the victim’s trust and then sells them for labor or to a pimp. Sometimes this is a “boyfriend”, a neighbor, or even a family member.
The
trafficker
is the one who controls the victims. Making the victim fearful through abuse, threats, and lies the trafficker gains power over his/her victim.The victim could be anyone.The consumer funds the human trafficking industry by purchasing goods and services. Often s/he is unaware that someone is suffering. Slide11
How are People Recruited?
Grooming
Internet, social media
Fake employment agencies
Acquaintances or family
Newspaper ads
Front businessesWord of mouthAbductionSlide12
A Vulnerable Life Before Victimization*
Melissa Farley & Howard
Barkan
, Prostitution, Violence Against Women, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,
27
Women & Health 37-49 (1998), available at http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/ProsViolPosttrauStress.html.Hunter, S.K., Prostitution is Cruelty and Abuse to Women and Children, 1 Mich. J. Gender & L. 1-14 (1993).
Jennifer K.
Wesely, Growing up Sexualized: Issues of Power and Violence in the Lives of Female Exotic Dancers,
8 No. 10 Violence Against Women, 1182, 1192 (October, 2002).
Of boys and girls recruited into commercial sex:
57% had been sexually abused as children
(1)
49% had been physically assaulted
(1)
85% were victims of incest as girls, and 90% had been physically abused
(2)
Nearly half the participants in one study had been “molested or raped as children or teenagers.”
(3
)
* These studies considered various forms of commercial sex, not only sex trafficking. Due to the hidden nature of the crime, little research is available strictly on trafficking. However, it should be noted that anyone used in commercial sex who is under 18 or is being forced or coerced is a victim of trafficking.Slide13
Human Trafficking and Technology
Online Classified Ads
– Craigslist.org and Backpage.com
An artist’s interpretation of an advertisement on Indianapolis Backpage February
2
nd
, 2012.
(2)Slide14
Human Trafficking and Technology
Online Classified Ads – Craigslist.org and Backpage.comSlide15
Human Trafficking and
Technology
Gang members enticed victims on the streets and through social media, including
Facebook
,
Twitter
, and
Instagram
, by advertising photographs of extravagant living. Instead, the gang members trafficked the victims to several states and forced them into commercial sex.
4
Misty VanHorn, Oklahoma Mother, Attempted To Sell Her Kids On Facebook For $4,000
1
14-Year-Old Unwillingly Became an Internet Sex Symbol
2
B.C. teen drugged, forced into sex trade, police say; Calgary woman faces multiple charges, including human trafficking, extortion
3
2
Gates, Sara. "Misty
VanHorn
, Oklahoma Mother, Attempted To Sell Her Kids On Facebook For $4,000: Police."
The Huffington Post
. TheHuffingtonPost.com, 12 Mar. 2013. Web. . <http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/03/12/misty-vanhorn-sell-children-facebook_n_2855887.html>.
McLane, Adam. "Why You Should Delete
SnapChat
-
adammclane.com."
adammclane.com
.
N.p
., 22 Aug. 2013. Web. . <http://adammclane.com/2013/08/22/why-you-should-delete-snapchat>.
Karar
, Hana, and Lauren
Effron
. "Angie
Varona
: How a 14-Year-Old Unwillingly Became an Internet Sex Symbol."
ABC News
. ABC News Network, 9 Nov. 2011. Web. . http://abcnews.go.com/Technology/angie-varona-14-year-unwillingly-internet-sex-symbol/story?id=14882768.
Ho, Clara. "B.C. teen drugged, forced into sex trade, police say; Calgary woman faces multiple charges, including human trafficking, extortion." . The Vancouver Province (British Columbia), 13 Apr. 2014. Web. http://www.lexisnexis.com.ezproxy.lib.indiana.edu/.
Dixon, Jr, Herbert B. Dixon, Jr. "Human Trafficking and the Internet* (*and Other Technologies, too)."
Human Trafficking and the Internet* (*and Other Technologies, too)
. The Judge's Journal, 1 Jan. 2013. Web. . <http://www.americanbar.org/publications/judges_journal/2013/winter/human_trafficking_and_internet_and_other_technologies_too.html>. Slide16
Human Trafficking and Technology
Social Networking
Messages provided by U.S. Department of Justice. Visualization created by CNNMoney.
Pimps hit social networks to recruit underage girls to engage in commercial sex
If a girl expressed interest, a gang member would arrange to meet up. At that point, participation stopped being voluntary.
The pimps "searched Facebook for attractive young girls, and sent them messages telling them that they were pretty and asking if they would like to make some money"
http://money.cnn.com/2013/02/27/technology/social/pimps-social-networks/index.htmlSlide17
Human Trafficking and Technology
1) Mark
Latonero
,
Human Trafficking Online: The Role of Social Networking Sites and Online Classifieds
, 13 (2011)
“None of these new technologies are in and of themselves harmful,” but for those criminals searching for means of exploiting their victims, they provide “new, efficient, and
often anonymous
” methods.
(1)
Prepaid Credit Cards
Prepaid Cell Phones
No Age verification
No identify verification
Consider
anonymity
provided for:
The person posting ads online
The persons depicted in those ads
The persons viewing those ads.Slide18
Human Trafficking & Sporting Events
Studies have shown that there is an increase in the demand for commercial sex services surrounding large sporting events or conventions such as the
Super Bowl, World Series
, etc.
Any
increase
in the commercial sex industry also increases the potential risk for exploitation and human trafficking.A study conducted by KLAAS KIDS Foundation and F.R.E.E. International, in conjunction with law enforcement, during the 2012 Super Bowl, found that online escort ads were monitored weekly to show increase of activity:Thursday, January 12th: 17 (1)
Thursday, January 19th:
18 (1)Thursday, January 26th: 28
(1)
Thursday, February 2
nd
:
118
(2)
Friday, February 3
rd
:
129
(3)
68
commercial sex arrests were made before and on the 2012 Super Bowl
(4)
2
human trafficking victims were identified
(4)
2
other potential human trafficking victims were identified
(4)
Klaas
Kids Foundation, Backpage.com Multi-State Monitoring Report
(Dec. 2011 - Jan. 2012).
Klaas
Kids Foundation
,
Tackle the Trafficker Outreach and Monitoring Initiative
(Feb. 2, 2011).
Klaas
Kids Foundation
,
Tackle the Trafficker Outreach and Monitoring Initiative
(Feb. 3, 2011).
E-mail from Jon Daggy, Detective Sgt. Indianapolis Metropolitan Police (on file with author) (Feb. 17, 2012).Slide19
Human Trafficking & Super Bowl 2012
A study conducted by KLAAS KIDS Foundation found significant increases in Backpage escort ads leading up to the 2012 Super Bowl.
(1)
KlaAs
Kids Foundation
,
Tackle the Trafficker Outreach and Monitoring Initiative (Feb. 3, 2011).KlaAs Kids Foundation, Behind closed doors.Slide20
Human Trafficking & Super Bowl 2015Slide21
Human Trafficking
& Super Bowl 2015
1) Exploring
the Impact
of the
Super Bowl on
Sex Trafficking 2015, ASU School of Social Work ( Feb. 2015).Slide22
Backpage.com
March 24 – April 3, 2015
Indianapolis, IN: average of 105 ads per day
Human Trafficking
&
Final Four 2015
Office of the Indiana Attorney General; data compiled by OAG staff (Apr. 17 2015).Ads posted during Final Four:April 4-6, 2015“March Madness Experience the ONLY hand free SHOT in The GAME - 35 (CASTLETON n THE JACUZZI WAITING ON u) escorts”“Brackets Busted??? Need Your Bottom Busted Next?? Call Miss... - 54 (Indianapolis area outcall) domination & fetish”Slide23
Human Trafficking
& Final Four 2015
IPATH Outreach
SOAP Project: 40 hotels/motels in areas were reached, mostly in the near outlying areas of Indianapolis, as specified by law enforcement.
18 Rest Areas: INDOT
distributed 1,000 hotline cards
and 18 National Human Trafficking Resource Center posters.35 billboards in state of Indiana (anti-demand, victim recovery, awareness).Indy Go: 5 weeks free interior advertising space on 10 buses in Indianapolis.
Taxi Drivers: 150 packets of red flags/fact sheet, national hotline number.
1,000 hotline cards distributed in malls, bars and strip clubs.
500 anti-demand cards distributed to strip clubs, adult entertainment establishments, and bars downtown.
60 Not Buying It posters distributed in bars and strip clubs downtown.
50 red flags/fact sheet handouts were distributed to store managers in malls.
*There were 18 commercial sex related arrests during the 2015 Final Four in Indianapolis. Slide24
Human
Trafficking & March Madness 2015
Louisville, KY
NCAA 2
nd
and 3
rd RoundMarch 19 -21, 2015Backpage.com1,544 total ads March 1st to 30th Average of 51.4 ads per dayLouisville Human Trafficking Task Force (Apr. 17 2015).Slide25
Indiana State Law
IC 35-42-3.5: Human and Sexual Trafficking
(1
)
Federal
Law
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Prevention Act-2000 (2) William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008 (3)Human and Sexual Trafficking, Ind. Code § 35-42-3.5, available at http://www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title35/ar42/ch3.5.pdf.
Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, Pub. L. No. 106-386 (2000),
available at http://www.state.gov/documents/organization/10492.pdf.William Wilberforce Trafficking Victims Protection Reauthorization Act of 2008, Public Law No: 110-457 (2008),
available at
http://www.govtrack.us/congress/bill.xpd?bill=h110-7311.
The LawSlide26
Is a
Class A Misdemeanor
.
(1)
However, the offense is a
Level 6 felony
if the person has two prior convictions under this section. (1)Patronizing a Prostitute, IC 35-45-4-3, available at www.in.gov/legislative/ic/code/title35/ar45/ch4.html.IC 35-45-4-3, Patronizing a ProstituteThe LawSlide27
Forced Labor
Up to 20 years
Trafficking into Servitude
Up to 20 years
Sex Trafficking
Up to life
Involuntary Servitude
Up to 20 years
Peonage (Debt Bondage)
Up to 20 years
Document Servitude
Up to 5 years
Conspiracy Against Rights
Up to life if kidnapping, sexual abuse or death
Federal Crimes and PenaltiesSlide28
A Comprehensive Law:
Prevention
Public Awareness, Outreach and Education
Protection
T-Visa, Certification, Benefits and Services to Victims
Prosecution
Created Federal Crime of Trafficking, New Law Enforcement Tools and EffortsTrafficking Victims Protection Act of 2000Slide29
Human Trafficking
Legislation 2015
29
Asset Forfeiture – allows law enforcement to forfeit property used to commit the crime of human trafficking as well as proceeds derived from commission of the offense
SB
375
SB
532
Indecent Nuisance – Adds Human Trafficking to the list of enumerated nuisances
Adult Entertainment Establishments – Identity verification and Human Trafficking Awareness – tied to alcohol permit
SB 296
HB 1216
Defense to Prostitution
Missing Persons InformationSlide30
Human Trafficking
Legislative Rankings
Recommendations:
Increased penalties for purchasing sex with a minor
Safe Harbor for Minors
Categories still needed:
Statutorily Defined Human
Trafficking Task
Force
Requirement to Post
the National
Hotline
Safe
Harbor for
Minors
Vacating Convictions of victims
New ranking of Victim Assistance Laws -
2014 Tier 3Slide31
Demand for this crime exists because WE tolerate it
Prostitutes and strippers portrayed in movies, video games and music
Three 6 Mafia’s song “It’s Hard Out There for a Pimp” won an Oscar in 2006
"Big
Pimpin
'" was the most
successful single from Jay-Z's fourth album, reaching #18 on The Billboard Hot 100 and #1 on the Rhythmic Top 40 chart.Slide32
Our Culture Emphasizes:
Partying
Youth
Power
Money
SexualitySlide33
Media—How we sexualize women in society
Difference between sexuality and sexualization
Sexualized female dolls targeted to girls as young as 4 years old
Push-up bra bathing suits for 8-year olds
A
verage child/teen spends 6 hours and 32 minutes with media
Information on this slide taken from: American Psychological Association, Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. (2010).
Report of the APA Task Force on the Sexualization of Girls. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/pi/women/programs/girls/report-full.pdfSlide34
Media—How we sexualize men in society
“Boys will be boys”
Party themes that put males in roles of power and women in sexually objectifying roles
Making excuses for male behavior (i.e. bachelor parties, strip clubs, etc.)Slide35
“Prostitution is risky for both men and women; the average age of death is 34.
(1)
“…the American Journal of Epidemiology reported that prostitutes suffer a ‘workplace homicide rate’ 51 times higher than that of the next most dangerous occupation; working in a liquor store.”
Homicide is the leading cause of death for those who work in the sex trade.
(1)
Leslie Bennetts, The John Next Door, July 18, 2011, The Daily Beast/Newsweek, available at http://www.thedailybeast.com/newsweek/2011/07/17/the-growing-demand-for-prostitution.html.
Prostitution is NOT a victimless crime Slide36
While involved in prostitution
:
82% had been physically assaulted.
(1)
83% had been threatened with a weapon.
(1)
68% had been raped while working as prostitutes. (1)84% reported current or past homelessness. (1)
Melissa Farley & Howard
Barkan
, Prostitution, Violence Against Women, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder,
27
Women & Health
37-49 (1998),
available at
http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/ProsViolPosttrauStress.html.
Prostitution is NOT a victimless crime Slide37
Rape Myths
In a study of 103 sex-buyers,
54% believed prostitution decreases rape, and
25% considered the idea of raping a prostitute to be ridiculous, believing that prostitutes are “un-rapeable.”
(2)
FACT
68% of women in a prostitution study had been raped while working as prostitutes. (1)Melissa Farley, Emily Schuckman, Jacqueline M. Golding, Kristen Houser, Laura Jarrett, Peter Qualliotine, Michele Decker, Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex: “You can have a good time with the servitude” vs. “You’re supporting a system of degradation” (2011) at 20
Prostitution Research & Educ.,
available at http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farleyetal2011ComparingSexBuyers.pdf.Melissa Farley, Julie
Bindel
, Jacqueline M. Golding,
Men Who Buy Sex: Who They Buy and What They Know (
December
, 2009),
available at
http://www.eaves4women.co.uk/Documents/Recent_Reports/Men%20Who%20Buy%20Sex.pdf.Slide38
FACT:
Research on prostitution
has
shown that
62-100%
of the acts of violence against women engaged in street-level prostitution were perpetrated by the “Johns”.
(1) 30-100% of all acts of violence, including almost all acts of sexual violence against women in exotic dancing were perpetrated by the “Johns”. (1)Jody Raphael & Deborah L. Shapiro, Sisters Speak Out: The Lives and Needs of Prostituted Women in Chicago, Center for Impact Research (2002) at p.19, available at http://www.impactresearch.org/documents/sistersspeakout.pdf.MYTH:
“I paid money, so she has to do what I want.”
Rape MythsSlide39
Rape myths include the beliefs that:
Women say no to sex but really mean yes.
(1)
Certain clothes worn by women signal their desire to be sexually assaulted.
(1)
Reasons 110 sex-buyers gave for rape included:
32% stated that men get “sexually carried away.” (2)34% said that a man’s “sex drive gets out of control.” (2) Culturally accepted myths about rape hide the truth that rape still occurs in prostitution, and that commercial sex does not ensure safety to non-prostituting women.Melissa Farley, Emily Schuckman, Jacqueline M. Golding, Kristen Houser, Laura Jarrett, Peter Qualliotine
, Michele Decker, Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex: “You can have a good time with the servitude” vs. “You’re supporting a system of degradation”
(2011) at 20 Prostitution Research & Educ.,
available at
http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farleyetal2011ComparingSexBuyers.pdf.
Melissa Farley, Jan Macleod, Lynn Anderson,
Jacquline
M. Golding.
Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy.
(March, 2011).
Available at
http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farley,Macleod%20et%20al%202011%20Men%20Who%20Buy%20Sex%20In%20Scotland.pdf]
Melissa Farley, Julie
Bindel
, Jacqueline M. Golding,
Men Who Buy Sex: Who They Buy and What They Know (
December
, 2009),
available at
http://www.eaves4women.co.uk/Documents/Recent_Reports/Men%20Who%20Buy%20Sex.pdf.
Rape MythsSlide40
Sex is a commodity
Sex is recreation
Sex is a male entitlement
All men use prostitutes
All people want sex with all people all the time
Women really enjoy violent & degrading sex
Minors enjoy sex with adults It’s a victimless crime It’s between consenting adults It’s a job They love sex & make money doing it Permission-Giving Beliefs“My behavior is normal, acceptable, common, and doesn’t hurt anyone.” Dr. Mary Anne
Layden
, University of Pennsylvania, presentation at Convergence Conference, Apr. 13-14, 2011, Linthicum Heights, MDRachel Durchslag
& Samir
Goswami
,
Deconstructing the Demand for Prostitution: Preliminary Insights From Interviews with Chicago Men Who Purchase Sex
,
Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation
, (May, 2008), available at http://media.virbcdn.com/files/40/FileItem-149406-DeconstructingtheDemandForProstitution.pdf. Slide41
“She has no rights because you are paying for a sex act – she gives up the right
to say no
.”
“Wouldn’t have to rape somebody if there are prostitutes. You don’t have to beat up your wife if prostitutes are available.”
Rachel
Durchslag
& Samir Goswami, Deconstructing the Demand for Prostitution: Preliminary Insights From Interviews with Chicago Men Who Purchase Sex, Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation, (May, 2008), available at http://media.virbcdn.com/files/40/FileItem-149406-DeconstructingtheDemandForProstitution.pdf. Permission-Giving BeliefsSlide42
The majority of “Johns” DO NOT recognize the negative aspects of buying sex
.
Of
the
101
sex buyers considered in a research study on prostitution:
67% indicated no or slight negative effects. (1)19% indicated very negative effects. (1)14% indicated extremely negative effects. (1)Of the 100 non-sex buyers:30% indicated no or slight negative effects. (1)47% indicated very negative effects. (1)
23% indicated extremely negative effects.” (1)
Melissa Farley, Emily
Schuckman
, Jacqueline M. Golding, Kristen Houser, Laura Jarrett, Peter
Qualliotine
, Michele Decker,
Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex: “You can have a good time with the servitude” vs. “You’re supporting a system of degradation”
(2011) at 20
Prostitution Research & Educ.
,
available at
http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farleyetal2011ComparingSexBuyers.pdf.
Permission-Giving BeliefsSlide43
The number of pornographic websites grew by 1,800 between 1998 and 2007.
(1)
A 2004 study of Internet traffic reported that porn sites were visited three times more often than Google, Yahoo!, and MSN Search combined.
(2)
Men who look at pornography have been shown to be more likely to go to prostitutes(3).Men go to prostitutes looking for a chance to live out what they’ve seen in pornography(4).In one survey of former prostitutes: 80% said that customers had shown them images of porn to illustrate what they wanted to do (5) Sex Trafficking Demand and Pornography
1) Websense Research Shows Online Pornography Sites Continue Strong Growth. (2004). PRNewswire.com.
2) Porn More Popular than Search. (2004). InternetWeek.com. 3)
Monto
, M. A. (1999). Focusing on the Clients of Street Prostitutes: A Creative Approach to Reducing Violence Against Women. Paper submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice.
4)
Malarek
, V. (2009). Johns: Sex for Sale and the Men Who Buy It. New York: Arcade, 193–96; MacKinnon, C. A. (2005). Pornography as Trafficking. Michigan Journal of International Law 26, 4: 999–1000; Raymond, J. (2004). Public Hearing on the Impact of the Sex Industry in the EU, Committee on Women’s Rights and Equal Opportunities Public Hearing at the European Parliament. New York: Coalition Against Trafficking in Women.
5)
Globbe
, E.,
Harrigan
, M., and Ryan, J. (1990). A Facilitator’s Guide to Prostitution: A Matter of Violence against Women. Minneapolis, Minn.: WHISPER.Slide44
The more porn a person looks at, the more severe the damage to their brain becomes and the more difficult it is to break free
(1)
.
“Reward Pathway” of a brain rewards users with chemicals like dopamine and oxytocin
(2)
;however, when the reward pathway is abused, the chemicals released only make the craving connection stronger(3). Porn hijacks the reward pathway in the brain, just like drugs, and with a tolerance built up; the craving for porn can have the same effects as drugs (4). A study of the most popular porn videos found that nine scenes out of 10 showed women being verbally or physically abused(5).
Porn Addictions and Prostitution Demand
1). Angres, D. H. and Bettinardi-Angres, K. (2008). The Disease of Addiction: Origins, Treatment, and Recovery. Disease-a-Month 54: 696–721.
2) Hilton, D. L., and Watts, C. (2011). Pornography Addiction: A Neuroscience Perspective. Surgical Neurology International, 2: 19; (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3050060/) Bostwick, J. M. and Bucci, J. E. (2008). Internet Sex Addiction Treated with Naltrexone. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 83, 2: 226–230; Nestler, E. J. (2005). Is There a Common Molecular Pathway for Addiction? Nature Neuroscience 9, 11: 1445–1449; Leshner, A. (1997). Addiction Is a Brain Disease and It Matters. Science 278: 45–7.
3) Bostwick, J. M. and Bucci, J. E. (2008). Internet Sex Addiction Treated with Naltrexone. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 83, 2: 226–230; Balfour, M. E., Yu, L., and Coolen, L. M. (2004). Sexual Behavior and Sex-Associated Environmental Cues Activate the Mesolimbic System in Male Rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 29, 4:718–730; Leshner, A. (1997). Addiction Is a Brain Disease and It Matters. Science 278: 45–7.
4) Doidge, N. (2007). The Brain That Changes Itself. New York: Penguin Books, 106;
5) Bridges, A. J., Wosnitzer, R., Scharrer, E., Chyng, S., and Liberman, R. (2010). Aggression and Sexual Behavior in Best Selling Pornography Videos: A Content Analysis Update. Violence Against Women 16, 10: 1065–1085.Slide45
Pornography Fuels Prostitution
Porn and prostitution are the products the sex trade exists to deliver
(1).
Men who go to prostitutes are twice as likely to have watched a porn film in the last year compared to the general population
(2
)
.In a study of 854 women in prostitution across nine countries(3): 49% said porn had been made of them while they were in prostitution 47% said they had been harmed by men who had either forced, or tried to force their victims to do things men had seen in porn 1) Arevalo, E. and Regnerus, M. (2011). Commercialized Sex and Human Bondage. Public Discourse. Princeton, N.J.: Witherspoon Institute.
2) Monto
, M. A. (1999). Focusing on the Clients of Street Prostitutes: A Creative Approach to Reducing Violence Against Women. Paper submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice.3) Farley, M. (2007). Renting an Organ for Ten Minutes: What Tricks Tell Us about Prostitution, Pornography, and Trafficking. In D. E. Guinn and J.
DiCaro
(Eds.) Pornography: Driving the Demand in International Sex Trafficking (p. 145). Bloomington, Ind.:
Xlibris
.Slide46
FACTS:
Victims are lured by false promises of love and support.
(1)
• Sometimes they are even kidnapped or abducted.
(1)
Utilizing a conservative estimate, a victim would be raped by 6,000 “Johns” during the course of her victimization* through prostitution.
(2)Based on a formula of 5 “Johns” per night, 5 nights per week, for 5 years. (2):They may be required to perform sex acts with up to 15 different “Johns” per night.Comparison Chart of Primary Sex Trafficking Networks in the U.S., Polaris Project (2011), available at https://na4.salesforce.com/sfc/play/index.jsp?d=6FuMhnn2HQpD2dARadzU1Ow7p6I%3D&viewId=05H60000000JrOi&v=06860000000HdKZ&oid=00D300000006E4S. Linda A. Smith, Samantha Healy Vardaman, Melissa A. Snow,
Shared hope Intl,
The National Report on Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking (2009), http://www.sharedhope.org/Portals/0/Documents/SHI_National_Report_on_DMST_2009.pdf. The “Purchase” Slide47
The Consumer: The Buyer
On average, they first bought sex at
21 years old
.
(1)
Age of first purchased sex experience ranges from ages
11 to 49. (1)Peer pressure was a primary reason they first bought sex. (1)Significantly more sex buyers (94%) than non-sex buyers
(54%) had visited a strip club.
(2) Frequent “Johns” are more
likely to be married/older.
(2)
Melissa Farley, Emily
Schuckman
, Jacqueline M. Golding, Kristen Houser, Laura Jarrett, Peter
Qualliotine
, Michele Decker,
Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex: “You can have a good time with the servitude” vs. “You’re supporting a system of degradation”
(2011) at p. 14
Prostitution Research & Education
,
available at
http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farleyetal2011ComparingSexBuyers.pdf.
Melissa Farley, Emily
Schuckman
, Jacqueline M. Golding, Kristen Houser, Laura Jarrett, Peter
Qualliotine
, Michele Decker,
Comparing Sex Buyers with Men Who Don’t Buy Sex: “You can have a good time with the servitude” vs. “You’re supporting a system of degradation”
(2011) at p. 16
Prostitution Research & Educ.
,
available at
http://www.prostitutionresearch.com/pdfs/Farleyetal2011ComparingSexBuyers.pdf.
Buying Sex: A Survey of Men in Chicago
(2004) at 1,
Chicago Coal. for the Homeless
,
available at
http://www.enddemandillinois.org/research.Slide48
The Consumer:
The Buyer
All ethnicities, races, socio-economic & educational backgrounds
(1
)
State/county employees, police, doctors, professors, soldiers, lawyers, pastors, students, etc.
(2)53% purchase sex <once a month (3) 99% are male (4)Age range: 18-89 years (4)Shared Hope International, Demand: A Comparative Examination of Sex Tourism and Trafficking in Jamaica, Japan, the Netherlands, and the United States, (2005-2007), available at http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/DEMAND.pdf.
Victor
Malarek, The Johns: Sex for Sale and the Men Who Buy It, (2009), New York: Arcade Publishing.Rachel
Durchslag
& Samir
Goswami
,
Deconstructing the Demand for Prostitution: Preliminary Insights From Interviews with Chicago Men Who Purchase Sex
,
Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation
, (May, 2008), available at http://media.virbcdn.com/files/40/FileItem-149406-DeconstructingtheDemandForProstitution.pdf.
Shared Hope International,
Demanding Justice Project Benchmark Assessment
, (2013) available at http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Demanding-Justice-Project-Benchmark-Assessment-Report-2013.pdf. Slide49
Shared Hope International,
Demanding Justice Project Benchmark Assessment
, (2013) available at http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Demanding-Justice-Project-Benchmark-Assessment-Report-2013.pdf. See also Elizabeth
Scaife
,
The Sex Buyer: A Trafficker’s Accomplice,
Shared Hope International (Aug. 14-15, 2014) PowerPoint Presentation, Cook Co. Human Trafficking Task Force Conference.The Consumer: The Buyer Slide50
Preferential - seek “young” girls
Situational – females are available and vulnerable
Opportunistic – purchase sex indiscriminately
Shared Hope International,
Demand: A Comparative Examination of Sex Tourism and Trafficking in Jamaica, Japan, the Netherlands, and the United States
, (2005-2007), available at http://sharedhope.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/DEMAND.pdf. See also Elizabeth Scaife, The Sex Buyer: A Trafficker’s Accomplice, Shared Hope International (Aug. 14-15, 2014) PowerPoint Presentation, Cook Co. Human Trafficking Task Force Conference.
Types of BuyersSlide51
Over 80% say…
Jail time
Photo and/or name in the paper, on a billboard or posted online
Over 75% say…
A letter sent to your family
Suspending Driver’s License
General increase in penalties 70% said… Having their car impounded Rachel Durchslag & Samir Goswami
, Deconstructing the Demand for Prostitution: Preliminary Insights From Interviews with Chicago Men Who Purchase Sex
, Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation, (May, 2008), available at http://media.virbcdn.com/files/40/FileItem-149406-DeconstructingtheDemandForProstitution.pdf.
The Consumer –
What will make them stop?Slide52
The Consequences –
Medical
There are an estimated 19 million sexually transmitted infections in the U.S.
(1)
2012 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance, CDC
,
available at http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats10/trends.htm.Genital HPV Infection – Fact Sheet (2011), CDC,
available at
http://www.cdc.gov/STD/HPV/STDFact-HPV.htm Noting “HPV can infect areas that are not covered by a condom - so condoms may not fully protect against HPV”).
Human
Papillomavirus
Transmission not prevented
by condoms
(2)
STDs
Both
victims of sex trafficking and “Johns” are at risk of
contracting
STDs.
Gonorrhea
Over
700,000
new infections per
year in US.
Females usually asymptomatic carriers
(1)
Chlamydia
Most common STD, highest incidence in 15-19 year olds
(2)
Gonorrhea – CDC Fact Sheet
(2011),
CDC
,
available at
http://www.cdc.gov/std/gonorrhea/stdfact-gonorrhea.htm.
Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance
(2010) at 8,
CDC
,
available at
http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats/.Slide53
STD
The law requires
you
to
disclose all
your
sexual contacts, and the State Board of Health will contact them.Few female commercial sex workers visit STD clinics because of discrimination, fear of legal consequences, loss of confidentialityMay give your partner a lethal as well as embarrassing disease: Liver cancerCervical cancerAntibiotic resistance is rising Infertility
The Consequences – MedicalSlide54
Disturbances to the peace
Screaming, fighting, loud cursing at night
Increased danger
Buyers propositioning residents or passersby
Pimps recruiting local females
“Drunks” and “addicts” sleeping in doorways
Increased health risks Condoms, syringes, broken bottles on sidewalks, in yards and local parks Illicit activity People engaged in sex acts in cars, alleys, doorways, etc. Increased crime Drug abuse and related violence Pimps assaulting victims Assaults or robberies on buyers 80% of sex buyers stated prostitution had an overall negative impact on communities, increasing crime and devaluing neighborhoods
The Consequences –
Impact on Communities
Michael Shively, Ph.D., Kristina
Kliorys
, & Dana Hunt, Ph.D.
A National Overview of Prostitution and Sex Trafficking Demand Reduction Efforts
,
U.S. Dept. of Justice
(June, 2012), available at https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/238796.pdf.
Rachel
Durchslag
& Samir
Goswami
,
Deconstructing the Demand for Prostitution: Preliminary Insights From Interviews with Chicago Men Who Purchase Sex
,
Chicago Alliance Against Sexual Exploitation
, (May, 2008), available at http://media.virbcdn.com/files/40/FileItem-149406-DeconstructingtheDemandForProstitution.pdf. Slide55
Commit to not participating in the commercial sex industry.
Take the Pledge:
To not purchase or participate in prostitution or the commercial sex industry
To hold friends accountable and demand their respect for women and children
To take action on behalf of those vulnerable to sex trafficking
Take part in creating cultural change.
Encourage education for youth on topics such as healthy relationships, self-identity, life skills…Support local organizations that serve victims of human traffickingOnly we can change the culture of toleration of human trafficking.What can YOU do?Slide56
If you believe someone is a victim of Human Trafficking….
911
Then…
National Human Trafficking Resource Center Hotline Number: 1-888-373-7888 or send a text to
BeFree (233733)
If a child may be in danger, the Indiana Child Abuse and
Neglect Hotline: 1-800-800-5556humantraffickingtip@atg.in.gov