May 19 2010 The Economic Conditions for US Airlines The Air Transport Association of America Inc Combination Services AirTran Airways Alaska Airlines American Airlines Continental Airlines ID: 658335
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Slide1
Submitted to the Future of Aviation Advisory CommitteeMay 19, 2010
The Economic Conditions
for U.S. AirlinesSlide2
The Air Transport Association of America, Inc.Combination Services
AirTran AirwaysAlaska Airlines
American AirlinesContinental Airlines
Delta Air
Lines
Hawaiian AirlinesJetBlue AirwaysSouthwest AirlinesUnited AirlinesUS Airways
All-Cargo ServicesABX AirASTAR Air CargoAtlas Air Worldwide HoldingsEvergreen Int’l AirlinesFedEx CorporationUPS Airlines
Associate MembersAir CanadaAir JamaicaMexicana
2
www.airlines.org
Air transport has become an essential economic and social conduit throughout the world. Beyond the benefits of fast and inexpensive transcontinental travel, air transport also has become a vital form of shipping for high-valued items that need to come to market quickly…
— World Bank (www.worldbank.org/airtransport)Slide3
The Future of Aviation Advisory CommitteeThe Committee will focus principally on five issue areas: balancing the industry’s competitiveness and viability, ensuring a world-class aviation workforce, ensuring aviation safety, securing stable funding for aviation systems and addressing environmental challenges and solutions.
The following slides provide pertinent information concerning each of these issue areas. In general, the slides illustrate the economic challenges the industry faces in attempting to achieve financial stability, including: reduced consumer demand, high taxes and fees, fuel prices that are volatile and well above historic levels, and looming new impositions related to carbon emissions and increased PFCs.
The slides also illustrate the industry’s exceptional safety record.
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www.airlines.orgSlide4
Balancing the Industry’s Competitiveness and Viability
4
www.airlines.orgSlide5
Commercial Aviation: An Economic Enabler
5
www.airlines.org
“Aviation
is the glue that keeps the global economy together. Without widely accessible and well-priced air travel, the global economy will quickly become less global
.”
— Dr. Mark Zandi, Chief Economist & Co-Founder, Moody’s Economy.com (August 2008)
$1.225 trillion/year in economic activity$371 billion/year in personal earnings10.9 million jobs
“The Economic Impact of Civil Aviation on the U.S. Economy” (FAA, Dec. 2009)
Commercial aviation helps drive:
Commercial aviation contributes:
$731.5 billion/year to U.S. GDP5.2% of U.S. GDP
“Economic growth and prosperity are determined in large part by access to the global economy. And, just as islands require bridges to the mainland….communities require bridges to the global economy. Air transportation is that bridge, providing the necessary access for U.S. cities…to enjoy a ‘Virtuous Circle of Economic Growth.’”
“The Plane Truth About Air Service and Economic Development,”
Global Aviation Improvement Network, Booz Allen (March 2001)
“Every day, the airline industry propels the economic takeoff of our nation. It is the great enabler, knitting together all corners of the country, facilitating the movement of people and goods that is the backbone of economic growth. It also firmly embeds us in that awesome process of globalization that is defining the 21st century.”
— Daniel Yergin, Author,
Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy
, in the ATA 2005 Economic ReportSlide6
Source: 1993-2004 from McKinsey study ; 2005-2010F from IATA data/forecasts of global net income and estimates of invested capital
Global Context:
Airlines Challenged to Cover
Cost of Capital
Airlines Not
in a Position to Make Large Investments in New Markets or Equipment
Percentwww.airlines.org
6Slide7
Airline Industry Profitability ElusivePretax Profit Margin Highly Cyclical and Well Below U.S. Corporate Average
Pretax Profit Margin (%)
Sources: (1) IRS Statistics of Income (
Historical Table 13
) – “Net income (less deficit)” divided by “Total receipts”; (2) ATA Cost Index
www.airlines.org
7Average of U.S. CorporationsU.S. Passenger AirlinesSlide8
Demand for Domestic Air Travel Has Not RecoveredSmaller Portion of U.S. Economy Being Spent on Air Travel Means Revenue Shortfall
Source: ATA analysis of BEA and BTS data
8
www.airlines.org
Annual Passenger Revenue Shortfall
(in $Billions) vs. 1991-2000 Average
“The events of 9/11 marked…a permanent decline in domestic airline demand. We estimate that the gap between pre-9/11 demand and the post-9/11 period demand resulted in…the equivalent of the industry having no domestic revenue in 2007 and 2008.” (“9/11 Revenue Impact in Context,” Barclays Capital, Feb. 10, 2009)
Domestic Passenger Revenue as Share of U.S. Gross Domestic ProductSlide9
Sources: Innovata (May 7, 2010) and Federal Aviation Administration
What a Difference Two Years Have Made in Airport Ops62 of the 65 FAA “Large” and “Medium” U.S. Airports Have Lost Scheduled Flights
9
www.airlines.org
% Change in Scheduled-Service Departures: 2Q 2010 vs. 2Q 2008Slide10
Sources: BTS National-Level Average Fare Series (http://www.bts.gov/xml/atpi/src/avgfareseries.xml) and BLS (http://www.bls.gov/cpi/tables.htm)
DOT:
Avg.
Domestic Ticket Prices Just Above 1999 Levels
U.S. CPI Rose 41 Percent
from 4Q 1995 to 4Q 2009, Leaving Prices $85.86 “Short”
www.airlines.org
10
Note: BTS reports average fares based on domestic itinerary fares (round-trip or one-way for which no return is purchased). [Averages do not include frequent-flyer or “zero fares.”]
Fares are based on the total ticket value, which consists of the price charged by the airlines plus any additional taxes and fees levied by an outside entity at the time of purchase
.May 19, 2010 – “While air fares in the fourth quarter of 2009 declined 6.1 percent since the fourth quarter of 2000, overall prices measured by the inflation rate rose 24.1 percent during that period. In the 14 years from 1995, the first year of BTS records, air fares rose 10.9 percent compared to a 40.7 percent inflation rate. In 1995 dollars, the average air fare in the fourth quarter of 2009 was $227, compared to $288 in 1995 and $300 in 2000.”
$85.86
Actual Avg. Prices
CPI-Linked PricesSlide11
Jet Fuel Prices* in 2009 Exceeded Historical AverageDecisions About Staffing, Scheduling, Aircraft Purchasing Made in Broader Cycles
11
*
Simple average of spot price per gallon in New York Harbor, U.S. Gulf Coast and Los Angeles (from EIA Weekly Petroleum Status Report)
www.airlines.org
“It is very hard to justify oil going from $30 to above $80 based only on the fundamentals of supply and demand.”
Economist Nouriel Roubini, Inside Commodities Conference (11/4/09)
“I have no problem with the notion that $75 or $80 a barrel oil is a fair market value in a healthy economy, but we’ve got ahead of ourselves.” Stephen Schork, Inside Commodities Conference (11/4/09)“[O]il, energy and food prices are now rising faster than economic fundamentals warrant, and could be driven higher by excessive liquidity chasing assets and by speculative demand… The global economy could not withstand another contractionary
shock if similar speculation drives oil rapidly towards $100 a barrel.” Nouriel Roubini
, NYU, “The risk of a double-dip recession is rising” (8/23/09)Slide12
U.S. Aviation* Taxes/Fees Up Substantially From 2000Airlines and Flying/Shipping Public Have Not Received Commensurate ROIwww.airlines.org
12
Source:
ATA, BTS, DHS, FAA
*
U.S. passenger and cargo carriers; FAA taxes are commercial aviation only
Collections, in BillionsSlide13
Trading of Oil Futures Surging in Spring 2010Daily Paper Trade (Million Barrels) of Oil via Exchanges*
Sources: Citi Futures, EIA,
IEA, New York Mercantile Exchange (NYMEX) and London
IntercontinentalExchange
® (ICE)
* NYMEX West Texas Intermediate (WTI) + ICE WTI + Brent
www.airlines.org13Slide14
< BBB- (speculative or “junk”)
>= BBB-
(investment-grade)
One U.S. Passenger Airline Has Investment-Grade Credit
No Passenger Airline in the World Enjoys an A-Minus or Better Rating from S&P
14
www.airlines.org
Sources: Standard and Poor’s as of Dec. 18, 2009 and http://online.wsj.com/article/BT-CO-20090420-711716.htmlSlide15
U.S. Passenger Airlines* Market Value in ContextMarket Capitalization (Billion USD) as of Mar. 31, 2010 @ 1:00 PM EDT
15
www.airlines.org
* U.S. Passenger Airlines
AAI AirTran
ALK Alaska
AMR AmericanCAL ContinentalDAL DeltaHA HawaiianJBLU JetBlueLCC US AirwaysLUV SouthwestMESA MesaPNCL PinnacleRJET RepublicSKYW SkyWestUAUA UnitedXJT ExpressJet
Source: MSN Money - http://moneycentral.msn.com/investor/research/welcome.aspSlide16
Ensuring a World-Class Aviation Workforce
16
www.airlines.orgSlide17
Economy, Fuel, Taxes, Regulation Continue Toll on Jobs*U.S. Passenger Airline FTEs* Down More Than 30% from May 2001 All-Time Peak
* Full-time equivalent employees in thousands (see http://www.bts.gov/programs/airline_information/number_of_employees/)
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www.airlines.org
“Why are companies still laying people off if the economy’s looking better? A closer look at the airline industry might help answer that question. While carriers say they see glimmers of evidence that the plunge in passenger demand that began a year ago is bottoming out, they aren’t seeing many signs that travelers are coming back or are willing to pay more for tickets… And now fuel prices are rising again, giving more cause for alarm.”
Susan Carey, “Airlines Illustrate Why Layoffs Continue,”
Wall Street Journal (Nov. 6, 2009)Slide18
Commercial Aviation Drives 10.9M U.S. JobsEvery 100 Civil Aviation Jobs Generate Approximately 330 Jobs in Other Industries
18
www.airlines.org
Source: Federal Aviation Administration, “The Economic Impact of Civil Aviation on the U.S. Economy,” (December 2009)
0%-4.9%
5%-9.9%
10% or aboveSlide19
Ensuring Aviation Safety
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www.airlines.orgSlide20
With Each Decade, U.S. Airline Safety Improves MarkedlyFatal Accidents per Million Aircraft Departures in Scheduled Service
20
www.airlines.org
Source:
ATA analysis of data from the National Transportation Safety BoardSlide21
U.S. Passenger Fatalities per 100 Million Passenger Miles
21
www.airlines.org
Source:
National Safety Council Injury Facts®, 1997-2006 averages
1. Passenger cars/taxis; drivers considered passengers; data from the NSC Fatality Analysis Reporting System
2. Does not include school buses; data from the NSC Fatality Analysis Reporting System3. Data from the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA)
4. Large and commuter airlines, excluding cargo; data from the National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB)Slide22Slide23
Slide24Slide25
Securing Stable Funding for Aviation Systems
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www.airlines.orgSlide26
Sources: ATA, BTS and Innovata (via APGDat )
2009 Domestic Seating Capacity Fell Most Since 1942Market Forces, Policy Resulted in Largest Post-WWII Contraction in Aviation History
26
www.airlines.org
Annual Percent Change in Domestic ASMs*
* An available seat mile (ASM) is one seat flown one
mileSlide27
Source: ATA analysis of federal tax code
Tax Bite on a $300 One-Stop Round Trip* Has Nearly TripledGrowing Take by U.S. Government and Airports Leaves Less Revenue for Carriers
www.airlines.org
27
Airfare Taxes
* Sample
itinerary assumes
one-stop
domestic round trip with maximum passenger facility charge (PFC) per airport; $300 total price includes taxes and fees.
2010 Taxes
20
% ($
61)*
1972 Taxes
7
% ($22
)*
1992 Taxes
13
% ($38
)*Slide28
* Federally levied/approved commercial aviation taxes/fees only; some taxes/fees shown include collections from non-U.S. carriers
Sources
: Department of Homeland Security, FAA, Office of Management Budget, Transportation
Security
Administration, ATA
DHS
= $3.5BFAA = $10.3B“Special” Tax Burden* Was $16.6 Billion in 2009In Addition to Typical Federal, State and Local Corporate Taxes (e.g., Income, Property, Sales)
2009 collections ($millions) from airlines
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www.airlines.org
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)
Department of Homeland Security (DHS)
U.S. AirportsSlide29
FAA COSTS BY USER GROUPSource: Federal Aviation Administration FY05 Cost Allocation Study as applied to total FY08 Trust Fund revenues
Airport & Airway Trust Fund
TAXES PAID
Source: Federal Aviation Administration Trust Fund Revenue Collections
Airlines Account for 95% of Funding But Only 66% of Costs
Dollars in Millions, Based on FY08 FAA Budget
www.airlines.org29
Cross-Subsidy: $3,445Slide30
EWR/JFK/LGA/PHL Share (%) of Major-Airport Delay Minutes
Source: FAA OPSNET for OEP 35 airports
Billions of Aviation Taxes Have Hardly Made a Dent
New York-Area Delay Share Continues to Rise, Begging for Accelerated
NextGen
Implementation
30www.airlines.orgSlide31
Addressing Environmental Challenges and Solutions
31
www.airlines.orgSlide32
In 2008, U.S. Passenger and All-Cargo Airlines Spent $16B More on Fuel Than in 2007 and $42B More Than in 2003
Sources: ATA, Energy Information Administration, Department of Transportation
Note: Value in parentheses below year is average price paid per gallon excluding taxes, into-plane fees, pipeline tariffs and hedging costs
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www.airlines.org
Gallons
“The U.S. airlines…have a relatively low proportion of their 2008 fuel needs hedged, because hedging high and volatile fuel prices is expensive and may require posting cash collateral.”
Standard & Poor’s (March 11, 2008)Slide33
Airline Fuel Efficiency Has Surged Over Three DecadesRevenue Ton Miles (RTMs) per Gallon – U.S. Passenger and All-Cargo Airlines
Source: ATA analysis of DOT Form 41 traffic data (T2-Z240) and gallons (T2-Z921)
* U.S. passenger and cargo airlines operating worldwide – passenger and cargo revenue ton miles (RTMs) in all services
www.airlines.org
33
“We’re not aware of any other major user of fossil fuels or those who tap into the electrical grid targeting as aggressive a reduction in their carbon footprint as the global airline industry….”
“Should you consider buying carbon offsets next time you log on to your computer?” Airmail 349, Merrill Lynch (Jan. 16, 2009)Slide34
The Environmental Way Forward – Globallywww.airlines.org
34
Global
Sectoral
Approach Framework for Aviation
International and domestic aviation emissions under framework
Collective aviation-specific emissions targets
Fuel efficiency: annual average improvement of 1.5% through 2020Growth of the industry’s emissions “carbon neutral” beginning in 2021
Aspirational
goal of 50% reduction in emissions in 2050 (vs. 2005 levels)
Targets all subject to government investment and “do no harm” – so technology, operations and infrastructure improvements flourish
Why These Targets?They address the key concern . . . growth . . .While global aviation currently contributes only 2% of the world’s man-made CO2, many are concerned that growth in demand = growth in emissionsWhile seeking to keep sufficient resources within the industry to allow it to continue its strong record of continuous environmental improvementSlide35
Global Approach Requires International & U.S. Adoptionwww.airlines.org
35
Framework should be established under ICAO
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) is the authority for international aviation emissions
Framework should be incorporated in domestic legislation
Not a “carve out,” but a “carve in”
Complementary policy framework – countries must:Accelerate ATC modernization, including federal funding for aircraft equipage, training, etc.
Support development and deployment of aviation alternative fuels Reinstate (and increase) research and development and investment for aircraft technologyAll of these efforts should be taken in context of solid energy policy, including stable fuel supplies and appropriate oversight and control of energy futures trading/speculationSlide36
ATA Alternative Fuels Commitment is Predicated on Performance — We Are Feedstock- and Technology-Neutral
April 22, 2008—The members of the Air Transport Association of America (ATA) are dedicated to the development and deployment of safe, environmentally friendly, reliable and economically feasible alternatives
to conventional petroleum-based jet fuel. We recognize that this effort presents significant technical and financing challenges…We commit to work with future suppliers who potentially can integrate alternative fuels into our operations…
To foster the development and deployment of alternative jet fuels that meet our objectives, ATA is a founding and principal member of the
Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)
, a consortium of government agencies, airlines, manufacturers, airports and current and prospective fuel suppliers that are coordinating work on the research and development of alternative jet fuels, including technical specifications, environmental aspects, production and distribution.www.airlines.org
36To foster the development and deployment of alternative jet fuels that meet our objectives, ATA is a founding and principal member of the Commercial Aviation Alternative Fuels Initiative (CAAFI)
, a consortium of government agencies, airlines, manufacturers, airports and current and prospective fuel suppliers that are coordinating work on the research and development of alternative jet fuels, including technical specifications, environmental aspects, production and distribution.In addition…we seek to engage potential suppliers who are capable of providing alternative aviation fuel that can reach our airports within the next few years, in particular, while also encouraging potential suppliers who may be developing alternatives that will be realized in the longer term.Slide37
The Bottom LineExcerpted from Fitch Ratings Airline Credit Navigator (April 13, 2010)
“Given the urgent need for balance sheet deleveraging through the next industry demand cycle as the key to ratings improvement, Fitch will be focused first and foremost on the free cash flow (FCF) generation performance of U.S. carriers as the recovery takes hold in 2010…
Without exception, the U.S. legacy carriers face heavy debt maturities (and in some cases rising cash pension funding obligations) that simply will not be funded entirely out of internal cash flow over the next several quarters ⎯ even if a solid global recovery takes shape. This will force many carriers to continue borrowing in 2010 and 2011, delaying any significant progress toward deleveraging their extremely weak balance sheets.
Renewed speculation surrounding potential mergers and industry consolidation reflects the notable improvements in the industry operating outlook and the long-term logic of increased concentration in a largely commoditized industry that remains vulnerable to external demand and fuel price shocks. Fitch continues to see further industry consolidation as a necessary and inevitable part of the U.S. airline industry’s effort to ensure more durable financial profiles through economic cycles…”
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www.airlines.org
Source: Fitch Ratings “Airline Credit Navigator: Spring 2010 (April 13, 2010)Slide38