Benito Mussolini Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin The Rise of Totalitarian States Remember the economic situation after WWI DemocracyCapitalism failing People look to their leaders for help But were they helping ID: 273824
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Slide1
The Rise of Totalitarian Regimes
Benito Mussolini, Adolf Hitler, and Joseph StalinSlide2
The Rise of Totalitarian States
Remember the economic situation after WWI
Democracy/Capitalism failing?!
People look to their leaders for helpBut were they helping?Rise of Totalitarian States:Control all aspects of government and societyState viewed as a parentSlide3
Benito Mussolini & Italy
Created Fascism
Glorifies the state over the individual; strong central gov’t; protects social classes
Marches on Rome in 1922Becomes dictator & establishes totalitarian rule“IL DUCE”Supreme LeaderFascism & Mussolini inspire HitlerSlide4
The Rise of Joseph Stalin - USSR
Lenin dies in 1924
Power struggle ensues
Leon Trotsky v. Joseph StalinStalin eventually gains controlPurges, or removes, all BolsheviksIncluding TrotskyEstablishes totalitarian ruleSlide5
Stalin’s Planned Economy
Communism: Everybody has everything they need
Stalin wanted to modernize as rapidly as possible
Develops a 5-year plan (1928)Increased industrial & agricultural production2nd 5-year plan (1933)Slide6
Consequences of Stalin’s 5-year plans
Intended Consequences:
Greatly increased production of steel
Heavy machineryDoubled Oil ProductionState control of FarmsUnintended Consequences:Poor living conditions
Low wages
Hoarding of crops
The Great PurgeSlide7
The Rise of Hitler & the NazisSlide8
Hitler’s Background
Born in Austria, 1889
Abusive, authoritarian father
Very loving motherStruggled in schoolDid not graduate after father diedTime in ViennaFailed entry to art schoolHomeless for several years
Develops Anti-Semitic beliefs & passion for politics
Relied on sales of his art for $$Slide9
Hitler’s Background cont...
Hitler had evaded Austrian military conscription for years
Finally caught in Germany
Decorated soldier during WWIMessengerIron Cross for braveryEmbittered by the treaty of VersaillesEnters politics after WWISlide10
Hitler’s Early Power Struggles
Hitler becomes the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party (NSDAP)
Or
Nazi partyStresses nationalism, Fascism, return to powerDevelops a rather large militia known as the Storm Troopers (SA)Nov. 1923 – Beer Hall Putsch
Attempted Coup d'état
Hitler thrown into prison
Writes
Mein
Kampf
or
My StruggleSlide11
Hitler’s Rise to Supreme Power
Hitler released from prison in Dec. 1924
Nazi party was now one of the largest in German gov’t
1933: Hitler becomes chancellor of GermanyPasses Enabling Act – allows gov’t to ignore constitutionGives Hitler absolute control1934 – President Hindenburg dies: Hitler crowns himself
fuhrerSlide12
Comparing Characteristics of Stalin’s USSR & Hitler’s Germany
Hitler & The Nazis
Stalin & The Soviets
Fascism
Protected social classes
Women were thought best served in the home
Gestapo
Forced-Labor Camps
Konzentrationslager „KZ“
Anti-Semitism
H
atred
of
the
Jews
Desire to increase living Space
Fear of Communism
Communism
Abolished social classes
Everyone considered
equal
Women expected to work
NKVD
Forced-Labor Camps
Gulags
Collectivization of farms
Gov’t controlSlide13
Debunking the Hitler Jewish/Anti-Semitism Myths
Hitler was not Jewish
Hitler’s mother’s doctor
was JewishBut Hitler respected himHitler was denied entry to art school in ViennaThis is not the root cause of his anti-SemitismThe greatest impact on Hitler’s anti-Semitism was the treaty of
versailles