The Credible Hulk http://37.media.tumblr.com/tumblr_m3qlkwXHrj1qg5btqo1_500.jpg - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Credible Hulk

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Developing Ethos through Citation

Developing ethos in a paper is about demonstrating you’re a credible writer. You do this in a lot of different ways…Synthesizing evidence

from multiple sources to demonstrate you’ve read widely on the issue;

Using a

fair tone

and

language

;

Writing in a way that’s

appropriate for your intended audience

;

Using appropriate and accurate

paraphrases

,

quotations

, and

attribution

.

Attribution

Citation is a type of attribution, along with author tags

(which we covered in Unit 1).

Citation has two parts:

In-text citation;

Works Cited page with full citations for each source

Consider it this way…

You develop ethos in many ways.

Attribution

is one way, and attribution consists of

author

tags

and

citing

.

Citing

involves a works cited page AND in-text citations.

Citation Part 1: Full Citation for a Source

Full Citation for a SourceYou have to give

full citation

information for every source you use in a paper. These full citations are

collected on a Works Cited page

at the end of your paper.

The citation has to follow a very specific model, and details are important! All of these things matter in a full citation:

Capitalization

Punctuation

Spelling

Whether something is italicized or not.

Citation Style depends on Type of Source Used

What your full citation looks like depends on what type of source it is.For instance, books have a different citation format than magazine articles which have a different format than websites, etc.

In

our research

unit (Unit 3),

we will go over resources to help you navigate the

many types

of sources that exist and how to cite them.

For now,

most of our sources will come from our EHE

reader

, which is known as

an

anthology/edited

collection

. For the articles we use from the reader,

we can use the following model for Project

2 (next slide).

This info is also available on p.

657-658

of JTC.

Citation Model for P2:

Article from an Anthology

Article author last name, Article author

first

name.

“

Article

Title

.”

Name of

Anthology

or

Edited Collection

.

Ed.

Full Name of Editors (with commas in between!). Place of Publication: Publisher, Year Book was Published. Page Numbers of Article. Print. Example:Smith, Jane. “Awesome Article about Stuff ‘n Things.” Essays about Stuff ‘n Things. Ed. Steve Jones, Mary Clary, and Mark Johnson. New York: Fancy Publishing House, 2013. 432- 434. Print.

Notice how the author’s last name juts out and everything else is indented in. This is called “hanging indent.”Also notice:Important words in article title and book title are capitalized;Book titles are italicized.

Citation Model for P2:

Graph, image, or chart from an anthology

If you’re using

images, graphs, charts

, etc. from the reader as sources, use this citation model:

“Title of Chart, Graph, or Image.” What type of image it is.

Name of Anthology or Edited Collection.

Ed

.

Full

Name of

Editors

(with commas

in between!). Place

of Publication:

Publisher, Year Book was Published. Page Numbers of Article. Print. Example:“Awesome Graph with Info about Stuff ‘n Things.” Graph. Essays about Stuff ‘n Things. Ed. Steve Jones, Mary Clary

, and Mark Johnson. New York: Fancy Publishing House, 2013. 435. Print.

Citation Model for P2: Web sources

If you’re using the web sources (such as those from Writing Studio) use this model for your citations for P2:

Author Last Name, Author First Name. “Title of Article.”

Name of Publication

Date of Publication: Web. Date of Access.

Moreno, Patti. “Setting Your Cites.”

Organic Gardening

25 Apr. 2012. Web. 24 May 2014.

Notice date is listed as Day/Month/

Year. If there’s no day, just do month and year.

Some notes and rules…

When listing out editors:If there

are 3 or fewer editors, list them all out. If there are 4 or more editors, list the

first person’s

full name

then write “et al.” after it to indicate “and others…”

For instance, if there are 5 editors to a book and the first one is Jane Johnson, it would read: Ed. Jane Johnson, et al.

If there are 2 editors to a book, Jane Johnson and John Jameson, it would read: Ed. Jane Johnson and John Jameson.

The same rule applies for authors of articles and authors of books. Three or fewer: list them all; 4 or more, list first one with et al. after it.

Works Cited Page

The Works Cited Page comes at the end of your paper.

It is where all the

full citations

for your sources are listed.

It has:

All sources you used in your paper (following guidelines discussed previously)

Everything listed

alphabetically

by first word in the citation. This is usually the author’s last name.

Hanging indents for each

citation.

1” margins

Your last name and page number in upper right-hand corner

Page numbers that continue from the body of your paper.

That is, if the body of your paper is 7 pages long, the Works Cited starts on the next page, page 8.

Sample Works Cited Page

Title is centered. Title is always Works Cited.

Hanging indent so the first word sticks out.

Everything alphabetized and double spaced. Notice: sources are NOT bulleted or numbered.

In-Text Citation

This is the part of the citation that is in the body of your paper.

You must cite a source in your paper when:

Quoting from a source

Paraphrasing

an

author’s ideas

Using factual information from a source that is not common knowledge.

What is “common knowledge,” anyway?

Any information you can expect a reasonable well-educated person to know.

Common Knowledge: Facebook is a popular social media website created by Mark

Zuckerberg.

(No citation needed.)

Not common knowledge: In December of 2012, Facebook had approximately 618 million active daily users. (Cite this!)

When in doubt, CITE IT.

In-Text Citation (cont’d)

You need to have done the FULL CITATION of the source before you can do a correct in-text citation. This is because you will use the first word of

the FULL CITATION in the in-text citation.

When using non-web

sources you

also need the page

number where you found the info, quote, etc.

Two Ways to Do an In-Text Citation:

Parenthetically

(i.e., in parentheses after the information).

Example: The Dartmouth Man is “a specific type of creature” (Reitman 346).

Narratively

(i.e., with an author tag).

Example: In her article, Janet Reitman points out that the Dartmouth Man is “a specific type of creature” (346).

Both of these indicate to the reader that this quote came from the source by Reitman. I can go to the Works Cited page at the end, find the FULL Citation for Reitman, and access the source.

Note:

if you use an author tag in the sentence (as in this example) only the page number is in the parentheses. This is because the author tag already indicates that the author is Reitman.

Note the punctuation

: close the quote, then do the parentheses with the author and page number, then put the period after the parentheses.

Things to Remember

You have to have both elements,

full citations on the Works Cited page AND in-text citations,

in order for it to “count” as citing.

Without both,

you haven’t completely cited and you’re not going to be thought of as a credible author.