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The Next Generation of Library Automation and Discovery: The Next Generation of Library Automation and Discovery:

The Next Generation of Library Automation and Discovery: - PowerPoint Presentation

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The Next Generation of Library Automation and Discovery: - PPT Presentation

Key Issues and Trends Marshall Breeding Independent Consult Author Founder and Publisher Library Technology Guides httpwwwlibrarytechnologyorg httptwittercommbreeding July 25 2012 ID: 800161

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Slide1

The Next Generation of Library Automation and Discovery: Key Issues and Trends

Marshall BreedingIndependent Consult, Author, Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guideshttp://www.librarytechnology.org/http://twitter.com/mbreeding

July 25, 2012

WiLSWorld

Conference

Slide2

SummaryLibraries today face incredible challenges as they face challenges brought on by shifts in their collections to include ever increasing of electronic content, never-ending budget pressures, and rising expectations by their customers for instant access to information.  In response to these challenges, libraries demand more effective and efficient automation solutions with requirements for additional features and functionality aligned with these new realities that may not have been present in previous automation products.  In the past, libraries could gain adequate automation by choosing the best integrated library system that fit their technical requirements and budget.  Now, for better or worse, many choices now exist that represent quite different paths, including decisions regarding open source versus proprietary products, evolutionary ILS versus new-generation library services platforms, online catalogs versus discovery services, locally implemented versus cloud-based deployment.  Marshall Breeding will present an overview of the current library automation landscape, highlighting the advantages and concerns presented by this new slate of alternatives. 

Slide3

Library Technology Guides

www.librarytechnology.org

Slide4

ILS Turnover Report

Slide5

ILS Turnover Report -- Reverse

Slide6

Mergers and Acquisitions

http://www.librarytechnology.org/automationhistory.pl

Slide7

Key Context: Libraries in TransitionAcademic Shift from Print > ElectronicE-journal transition largely completeCirculation of print collections slowingE-books now in play (consultation > reading)

Public: Emphasis on Patron EngagementIncreased pressure on physical facilities Increased circulation of print collectionsDramatic increase in interest in e-booksAll libraries:Need better tools for access to complex multi-format collections

Strong emphasis on digitizing local collectionsDemands for enterprise integration and interoperability

Slide8

Key Context: Technologies in transitionClient / Server > Web-based computingBeyond Web 2.0Integration of social computing into core infrastructure

Local computing shifting to cloud platformsApplication Service Provider offerings standardNew expectations for multi-tenant software-as-a-serviceFull spectrum of devices full-scale / net book / tablet / mobileMobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

Slide9

Key Text: Changed expectations in metadata managementMoving away from individual record-by-record creation Life cycle of metadata Metadata follows the supply chain, improved and enhanced

along the way as neededManage metadata in bulk when possibleE-book collectionsHighly shared metadata E-journal knowledge bases, e.g.Great interest in moving toward semantic web and open linked dataVery little progress in linked data for operational systemsAACR2 > RDA

MARC > RDF (Library of Congress bibliographic framework transition)

http://www.loc.gov/marc/transition/

Slide10

Each Library Type DistinctiveAcademic – Public – School – SpecialAcademic: Emphasis on subscribed electronic resourcesPublic: Engaged in the management of print collectionsDramatic increase in interest in E-books

School: Age-appropriate resources (print and Web), textbook and media managementSpecial: Enterprise knowledge management (Corporate, Law, Medical, etc)

Slide11

Cooperation and Resource sharingEfforts on many fronts to cooperate and consolidateMany regional consortia merging (Example: suburban Chicago systems)State-wide or national implementationsSoftware-as-a-service or “cloud” based implementationsMany

libraries share computing infrastructure and data resources

Slide12

Each Library Type DistinctiveAcademic – Public – School – SpecialAcademic: Emphasis on subscribed electronic resourcesPublic: Engaged in the management of print collectionsDramatic increase in interest in E-books

School: Age-appropriate resources (print and Web), textbook and media managementSpecial: Enterprise knowledge management (Corporate, Law, Medical, etc)

Slide13

Cooperation and Resource sharingEfforts on many fronts to cooperate and consolidateMany regional consortia merging (Example: suburban Chicago systems)State-wide or national implementationsSoftware-as-a-service or “cloud” based implementationsMany

libraries share computing infrastructure and data resources

Slide14

Status Quo Sustainable?ILS for management of (mostly) printDuplicative financial systems between library and campusElectronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS)OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articlesDigital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)

Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.)Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collectionsNo effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Slide15

Academic Library IssuesGreater concern with electronic resourcesManagement: Need for consolidated approach that balances print, digital, and electronic workflowsAccess: discovery interfaces that maximize the value of investments in electronic content

Slide16

Cloud ComputingMajor trend in Information TechnologyFew organizations have core competence in large-scale computer infrastructure managementEssentially outsourcing of server housing and managementUsually based on a consumption-based business model

Most new automation products delivered through some flavor of cloud computingMany flavors to suit business needs: public, private, hybrid

Slide17

Software as a ServiceMulti Tennant SaaS is the modern approachOne copy of the code base serves multiple sitesSoftware functionality delivered entirely through Web interfacesNo workstation clients

Upgrades and fixes deployed universallyUsually in small increments

Slide18

Data as a serviceSaaS provides opportunity for highly shared data modelsWorldCat: one globally shared copy that serves all librariesPrimo Central: central index of articles maintained by Ex Libris shared by all libraries implementing Primo / Primo CentralKnowledgeWorks database of

of e-journal holdings shared among all customers of Serials Solutions productsGeneral opportunity to move away from library-by-library metadata management to globally shared workflows

Slide19

Open SystemsAchieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategiesLibraries need to do more with their data

Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies

Demand for InteroperabilityOpen source

– full access to internal program of the application

Open API’s

– expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

Slide20

Mobile Computing

Slide21

Challenge: Disjointed approach to information and service deliveryLibrary Web sites offer a menu of unconnected silos:Books: Library OPAC (ILS online catalog module)Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collectionsOpenURL linking services

E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver)Subject guides (e.g. Springshare LibGuides)Local digital collectionsETDs, photos, rich media collectionsMetasearch engines

Discovery Services – often just another choice among manyAll searched separately

Slide22

Online CatalogBooks, Journals, and Media at the Title LevelNot in scope:ArticlesBook ChaptersDigital objectsWeb site content

Etc.Scope of Search

Search:

Search Results

ILS Data

Slide23

Next-gen Catalogs or Discovery Interface (2002-2009)Single search boxQuery toolsDid you meanType-aheadRelevance ranked results (for some content sources)

Faceted navigationEnhanced visual displaysCover artSummaries, reviews,Recommendation services

Slide24

Discovery Interface search model

Search:

Digital Collections

ProQuest

EBSCOhost

MLA

Bibliography

ABC-CLIO

Search Results

Real-time query and responses

ILS Data

Local Index

MetaSearch

Engine

Slide25

Discovery Products

http://www.librarytechnology.org/discovery.pl

Slide26

Differentiation in DiscoveryProducts increasingly specialized between public and academic librariesPublic libraries: emphasis on engagement with physical collectionAcademic libraries: concern for discovery of heterogeneous material types, especially books + articles + digital objects

Slide27

Discovery from Local to Web-scaleInitial products focused on technologyAquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VuFind,

LIBERO Uno, Civica Sorcer, Axiell ArenaMostly locally-installed softwareCurrent phase is focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discoveryPrimo Central (Ex Libris)Summon (Serials Solutions)WorldCat Local (OCLC)

EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO)Encore with Article Integration (no index, though)

Slide28

Web-scale Index-based Discovery

Search:

Digital Collections

Web Site Content

Institutional Repositories

E-Journals

Reference Sources

Search Results

Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Consolidated Index

ILS Data

Aggregated Content packages

(2009- present)

Slide29

Web-scale Search Problem

Search:

Search Results

Pre-built harvesting and indexing

Consolidated Index

???

Non Participating

Content Sources

Problem in how to deal with resources not provided to ingest into consolidated index

Digital Collections

Web Site Content

Institutional Repositories

E-Journals

ILS Data

Aggregated Content packages

Slide30

Encore Synergy

Search:

Digital Collections

ProQuest

Local Index

ILS Data

Web Services

Local Index Results

Local Index Results

Remote Search Results

EBSCOhost

MLA

Bibliography

ABC-CLIO

Slide31

Consolidated index

Search

Engine

Unified Presentation Layer

Search:

Digital

Coll

ProQuest

EBSCO

JSTOR

Other Resources

New Library Management Model

`

API Layer

Library Services Platform

Learning

Management

Enterprise Resource

Planning

Stock

Management

Self-Check /

Automated Return

Authentication

Service

Smart Cad /

Payment systems

Discovery Service

Slide32

Adoption of Discovery ServicesNext-gen catalogs or discovery services have been around since 2002Many mature productsContinuing to evolve and expandOnline catalog components of ILS products have taken on many of the characteristics of discovery layersExamples: LS2 PAC, Polaris PowerPAC

Slide33

Discovery Service Installations

Discovery Product2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

Installed

Primo

12

37

53

506

111

914

AquaBrowser

55

339

64

69

74

254

Encore

72

72

109

56

72

326

LS2 PAC

 

46

77

58

88

236

Summon

 

 

50

164

214

407

Enterprise

 

16

 

75

100

251

Civica Sorcer

 

 

7

12

22

39

Axiell Arena

 

 

61

57

33

76

Chamo

 

 

10

34

7

51

Slide34

EBSCO Discovery Service

Slide35

Global Primo Installations

Slide36

Summon Global Adoption

Slide37

Expanding the Depth of Discovery

Slide38

Citations / Metadata > Full TextCitations or structured metadata provide key data to power search & retrieval and faceted navigationIndexing Full-text of content amplifies access Important to understand depth indexingCurrency, dates covered, full-text

or citationMany other factors

Slide39

Full-text Book indexingHathiTrust: 11 million volumes, 5.3 million titles, 263,000 serial titles, 3.5 billion pagesHathiTrust in Discovery IndexesPrimo

Central (Jan 20, 2012) [previously indexed only metadata]EBSCO Discovery Service (Sept 8 2011)WorldCat Local (Sept 7, 2011)Summon (Mar 28, 2011)

Slide40

Challenge for RelevancyTechnically feasible to index hundreds of millions or billions of records through Lucene or SOLRDifficult to order records in ways that make senseMany fairly equivalent candidates returned for any given queryMust rely on use-based and social factors to improve relevancy rankings

Slide41

Quest for Improved RelevancyExample: Ex Libris Primo ScholarRank Relevancy tuned for scholarly contentUses bX data to assign score that reflects scholarly importanceAble to weight by disciplines and filter by other factors for signed-in users

Now available in Primo Version 4

Slide42

Challenges for Collection CoverageTo work effectively, discovery services need to cover comprehensively the body of content represented in library collectionsWhat about publishers that do not participate?Is content indexed at the citation or full-text level?What are the restrictions for non-authenticated users?

How can libraries understand the differences in coverage among competing services?

Slide43

Evaluating the Coverage of Index-based Discovery ServicesIntense competition: how well the index covers the body of scholarly content stands as a key differentiatorDifficult to evaluate based on numbers of items indexed alone. Important to ascertain now your library’s content packages are represented by the discovery service.

Important to know what items are indexed by citation and which are full textImportant to know whether the discovery service favors the content of any given publisher

Slide44

Open Discovery InitiativeNISO Work Group to Develop Standards and Recommended Practices for Library Discovery Services Based on Indexed SearchInformal meeting called at ALA Annual 2011Co-Chaired by Marshall Breeding and Jenny WalkerTerm: Dec 2011 – May 2013

Slide45

Balance of Constituents

45Marshall Breeding, Vanderbilt UniversityJamene Brooks-Kieffer

, Kansas State University Laura Morse, Harvard University

Ken Varnum, University of Michigan

Anya Arnold, Orbis Cascade Alliance

Sara Brownmiller, University of

Oregon

Lucy Harrison, College Center for Library Automation (D2D liaison/observer)

Lettie

Conrad, SAGE Publications

Beth

LaPensee

, ITHAKA/JSTOR/Portico

Jeff Lang, Thomson Reuters

Linda Beebe, American Psychological

Assoc

Aaron Wood, Alexander Street Press

Jenny Walker, Ex

Libris

Group

John Law, Serials Solutions

Michael

Gorrell

, EBSCO Information Services

David

Lindahl

, University of Rochester (XC

)

Jeff

Penka

, OCLC (D2D liaison/observer)

Slide46

TimelineMilestone

Target DateStatus

Appointment of working group

December 2011

Approval of charge and initial work plan

March 2012

Agreement on process and tools

June 2012

Completion of information gathering

October 2012

Completion of initial draft

January 2013

Completion of final draft

May 2013

46

Slide47

ODI Project Goals:Identify … needs and requirements of the three stakeholder groups in this area of work. Create recommendations and tools to streamline the process by which information providers, discovery service providers, and librarians work together to better serve libraries and their users.

Provide effective means for librarians to assess the level of participation by information providers in discovery services, to evaluate the breadth and depth of content indexed and the degree to which this content is made available to the user.

Slide48

The rise of e-booksAcademic libraries: e-books included in aggregated content packagesE-books used primarily for research and consultation, not long readingPublic Libraries: Subscriptions to e-book services that provide an outsourced collection of loanable e-books

K-12 Schools, Colleges, Universities: interest in electronic textbooks

Slide49

Integrating e-Books into Library Automation InfrastructureCurrent approach involves mostly outsourced arrangementsCollections licensed wholesale from single providerHand-off to DRM and delivery systems of providersLoading of MARC records into local catalog with linking mechanisms

No ability to see availability status of e-books from the library’s online catalog or discovery interface

Slide50

Technology IssuesAccess to materials controlled through Digital Rights Management Closed ecosystems that control content through identity management and rights policiesImposes significant overhead on the user experience:Download an install DRM components

Establish user credentials in site trusted by DRMWorks only with devices that comply with DRM restrictions

Slide51

Next-Gen Library Catalogs

Marshall BreedingNeal-Schuman PublishersMarch 2010

Volume 1 of The Tech Set

Slide52

New Generation Management

Slide53

Appropriate Automation InfrastructureCurrent automation products out of step with current realitiesMajority of library collection funds spent on electronic contentMajority of automation efforts support print activities

Management of e-content continues with inadequate supporting infrastructureNew discovery solutions help with access to e-contentLibrary users expect more engaging socially aware interfaces for Web and mobile

Slide54

Fundamental technology shiftMainframe computingClient/ServerCloud Computing

http://www.flickr.com/photos/carrick/61952845/

http://soacloudcomputing.blogspot.com/2008/10/cloud-computing.html

http://www.javaworld.com/javaworld/jw-10-2001/jw-1019-jxta.html

Slide55

Library Automation in the CloudAlmost all library automation vendors offer some form of “cloud-based” servicesServer management moves from library to VendorSubscription-based business modelComprehensive annual subscription paymentOffsets local server purchase and maintenance

Offsets some local technology support

Slide56

Leveraging the CloudMoving legacy systems to hosted services provides some savings to individual institutions but does not result in dramatic transformationGlobally shared data and metadata models have the potential to achieve new levels of operational efficiencies and more powerful discovery and automation scenarios that improve the position of libraries overall.

Slide57

Is the status quo sustainable?ILS for management of (mostly) printDuplicative financial systems between library and campusElectronic Resource Management (non-integrated with ILS)

OpenURL Link Resolver w/ knowledge base for access to full-text electronic articlesDigital Collections Management platforms (CONTENTdm, DigiTool, etc.)Institutional Repositories (DSpace, Fedora, etc.)Discovery-layer services for broader access to library collectionsNo effective integration services / interoperability among disconnected systems, non-aligned metadata schemes

Slide58

Integrated (for print) Library System

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding

/ Items

Circ

Transact

User

Vendor

Policies

$$$

Funds

Cataloging

Acquisitions

Serials

Online

Catalog

Public Interfaces

:

Interfaces

Business

Logic

Data

Stores

Slide59

LMS / ERM: Fragmented Model

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding

/ Items

Circ

Transact

User

Vendor

Policies

$$$

Funds

Cataloging

Acquisitions

Serials

Online

Catalog

Public Interfaces

:

Application Programming Interfaces

`

License

Management

License

Terms

E-resource

Procurement

Vendors

E-Journal

Titles

Protocols:

CORE

Slide60

Common approach for ERM

Circulation

BIB

Staff Interfaces:

Holding

/ Items

Circ

Transact

User

Vendor

Policies

$$$

Funds

Cataloging

Acquisitions

Serials

Online

Catalog

Public Interfaces

:

Application Programming Interfaces

Budget

License Terms

Titles / Holdings

Vendors

Access Details

Slide61

Comprehensive Resource ManagementNo longer sensible to use different software platforms for managing different types of library materialsILS + ERM + OpenURL Resolver + Digital Asset management, etc. very inefficient modelFlexible platform capable of managing multiple type of library materials, multiple metadata formats, with appropriate workflows

Slide62

Libraries need a new model of library automationNot an Integrated Library System or Library Management SystemThe ILS/LMS was designed to help libraries manage print collections

Generally did not evolve to manage electronic collectionsOther library automation products evolved:Electronic Resource Management Systems – OpenURL Link Resolvers – Digital Library Management Systems -- Institutional Repositories

Slide63

Library Services PlatformLibrary-specific software. Designed to help libraries automate their internal operations, manage collections, fulfillment requests, and deliver servicesServicesService oriented architecture

Exposes Web services and other API’sFacilitates the services libraries offer to their usersPlatformGeneral infrastructure for library automationConsistent with the concept of Platform as a Service Library programmers address the APIs of the platform to extend functionality, create connections with other systems, dynamically interact with data

Slide64

Library Services Platform CharacteristicsHighly Shared data modelsKnowledgebase architectureSome may take hybrid approach to accommodate local data stores

Delivered through software as a serviceMulti-tenantUnified workflows across formats and mediaFlexible metadata managementMARC – Dublin Core – VRA – MODS – ONIXNew structures not yet inventedOpen APIs for extensibility and interoperability

Slide65

Beyond the legacy Library Management SystemFind a new term for the successor to the LMSLibrary Management System now viewed as print-centricNeed to designate a name for the new genre of automation products

Slide66

Open SystemsAchieving openness has risen as the key driver behind library technology strategiesLibraries need to do more with their data

Ability to improve customer experience and operational efficiencies

Demand for InteroperabilityOpen source

– full access to internal program of the application

Open API’s

– expose programmatic interfaces to data and functionality

Slide67

Consolidated index

Unified Presentation Layer

Search:

Digital

Coll

ProQuest

EBSCO

JSTOR

Other Resources

New Library Management Model

`

API Layer

Library Services Platform

Learning

Management

Enterprise Resource

Planning

Stock

Management

Self-Check /

Automated Return

Authentication

Service

Smart Cad /

Payment systems

Discovery Service

Slide68

Library Services Platforms

Category

WorldShare Management Services

Alma

Intota

Sierra Services Platform

Kuali OLE

Responsible Organization

OCLC

.

Ex

Libris

Serials Solutions

Innovative Interfaces, Inc

Kuali Foundation

Key precepts

Global network-level approach to management and discovery.

Consolidate workflows, unified management: print, electronic,

digital;

Hybrid data model

Knowledge-base

driven.

Pure multi-tenant SaaS

Service-oriented architecture

Technology uplift for Millennium ILS. More open source components, consolidated modules and workflows

Manage library resources in a format agnostic approach. Integration into the broader academic enterprise infrastructure

Software model

Proprietary

Proprietary

Proprietary

Proprietary

Open Source

Slide69

Development Schedule

WorldShare Management Services

Alma

Intota

Sierra Services Platform

Kuali OLE

General Release in July 2011

38

now in production

5 incremental

development partner releases complete.

Boston College first in production July 2, 2012

Phase

I:

Late in 2012;

Libraries

in production by 2014

Phase 1: Mid-2012

with full Millennium functionality; subsequent phases that expand

model,

~ 10 libraries in production by Jul 2012

 

Version 1.0 expected Dec 2012

Partners begin migration

in 2013

Slide70

Development Resources

CompanyDev

Sup

Sales

Admin

Other

Total

Ex Libris

170

231

54

44

13

512

Follett Software Company

87

143

86

49

0

365

Innovative Interfaces, Inc.

83

158

43

24

3

311

SirsiDynix Corporation

84

166

51

23

56

380

Serials Solutions

80

50

46

4

57

237

Axiell

57

66

34

35

34

226

The Library Corporation

39

91

28

13

28

199

Polaris Library Systems

27

42

15

2

 

86

VTLS Inc.

24

48

12

8

18

110

Koha

ByWater Solutions

3

12

3

3

1

13

Catalyst IT

3

 

 

 

 

 

BibLibre

4

3

 

 

 

 

Koha Total (estimated)

15

PTFS

5

16

8

8

 

155

Evergreen

Equinox Software

6

5

2

3

5

21

Slide71

Development / Deployment perspectiveBeginning of a new cycle of transitionOver the course of the next decade, academic libraries will replace their current legacy products with new platformsNot just a change of technology but a substantial change in the ways that libraries manage their resources and deliver their services

Slide72

The ILS is not deadTraditional ILS model continues to basically work for public librariesPossible to evolve to accommodate e-book management and accessE-book integration also implemented in discovery layers

Slide73

Recent ILS Industry Contracts

CompanyProduct

2009

2010

2011

OCLC

WorldShare Management Services

184

Innovative Interfaces

Sierra

 

206

Ex Libris

Alma

8

24

SirsiDynix

Symphony

 

-

126

122

Innovative Interfaces, Inc.

Millennium

45

39

32

The Library Corporation

Library.Solution

30

43

48

Ex Libris

Aleph

47

39

25

VTLS Inc.

Virtua

18

22

13

Polaris Library Systems

Polaris ILS

33

23

53

Biblionix

Apollo

55

87

79

ByWater Solutions

Koha

7

44

54

PTFS

LibLime

LibLime Academic Koha

 

 

7

PTFS

LibLime

LibLime Koha

 

44

27

Equinox Software

Evergreen

18

15

21

Equinox Software

Koha

 

 

6

Slide74

Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILSAleph, Voyager, Millennium, Symphony, Polaris,

BOOK-IT, DDELibra, Libra.seLIBERO, Amlib, Spydus, TOTALS II, Talis Alto, OpenGalaxyTraditional Open Source ILS

Evergreen, KohaNew generation Library Services PlatformsEx Libris Alma

Kuali OLE (Enterprise, not cloud)

OCLC WorldShare Management

Services

Serials Solutions

Intota (In development

Innovative Interfaces

Sierra Services Platform

Competing Models of Library Automation

Slide75

Convergence Discovery and Management solutions will increasingly be implemented as matched setsEx Libris: Primo / AlmaSerials Solutions: Summon / IntotaOCLC: WorldCat Local / WorldShare PlatformExcept: Kuali OLE, EBSCO Discovery Service

Both depend on an ecosystem of interrelated knowledge basesAPI’s exposed to mix and match, but efficiencies and synergies are lost

Slide76

Questions and discussion