07002023 Park Sang Woo context 45 Clipping 46 Acronymy 47 Backformation 48 words from P roper Names 45 Clipping Another common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead This is called ID: 290748
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Slide1
4. Word Formation
07002023 Park Sang Woo Slide2
context
4.5 Clipping
4.6
Acronymy
4.7 Back-formation
4.8 words from
P
roper NamesSlide3
4.5 Clipping
Another common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called
clipping
.Slide4
4.5 Clipping
There are four common types of clipping
Front clipping
Back clipping
Front and back clipping
phrase clipping Slide5
a. Front clipingSlide6
b. Back clipping Slide7
c. Front and back clippingSlide8
d. Phrase clippingSlide9
4.6 Acronymy
Acronymy
is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.
Words formed in this way are called
initialisms
or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words. Slide10
4.6.1 Initialisms
a. Letter represent full words :
C
are
o
f
P
ost
c
ard
U
nidentified
f
lying
o
bjectSlide11
4.6.1 Initialisms
b. Letters represent constituents in a compound or just parts of a word
t
u
b
erculosis
G
eneral
H
ead
q
uarters Slide12
4.6.2 Acronyms
Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word, for example radar (
r
adio
d
etecting
a
nd
r
anging)
, and WAVES (
W
omen
A
ppointed for
v
oluntary
E
mergency
S
ervice), etc. Slide13
4.6.2 AcronymsMore examples are as follows:
B
eginner’s
a
ll-purpose
s
ymbolic
i
nstruction
c
odeSlide14
4.6.2 Acronyms
T
eaching
E
nglish as a
f
oreign
l
anguageSlide15
4.6.2 Acronyms
Some acronyms are formed with the initial letter of the first word plus the whole of the second, e.g
.Slide16
4.6.2 Acronyms
Victory
DaySlide17
4.7 Back-formation
(
역성어
)
Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. As we know, suffixation is the formation of new words by adding suffixes to bases, and back-formation is therefore the method of creating words by removing the supposed suffixes.
동사 →
명사 파생 형이 아니라 그 반대
순서로 어휘가 파생
ex) edit (from editor), animate (from animation)Slide18
4.7 Back-formation
Back-formation usually involves the following types of words:Slide19
4.7 Back - formationSlide20
4.7 Back - formationSlide21
4.7 Back-formation Slide22
4.8 Words from Proper Names
Modern English has a large number of words which come from proper nouns.
They include names of people, names of places, names of books and trade names. Slide23
1. Names of people
Words of this group are from names of scientists, inventors, etc. e. g. ampere, farad, ohm, volt, watt from French physicist Ampere, British physicist Faraday, German physicist Ohm, Italian physicist Volta and Scottish inventor Watt respectively.
These terms are now used as measurements of electricity.Slide24
2. Names of places
Many words denoting products, objects or materials come from the names of places where they were first produced, e.g. china (porcelain), from the homeland China, afghan ( a kind of knitted rug) first made in Afghanistan, jersey (sweater) from Champagne in France where the wine champagne was first produced, and rugby ( a sport of ball games) from a
B
ritish Rugby School, which used to be known for the game. Slide25
3. Names of books
Quite a few words come from names of books and thus take on the meanings associated with the names described in the books. For example, utopia ( a imaginary perfect society) is from Sir Thomas Moore's book Utopia, Odyssey ( an extend journey) from Homer’s epic The Odyssey, which describes all the hardships Odysseus experienced on his voyage home after the fall of Troy, and
Babbit
(a person concerned mainly with business and position, caring little for art or culture) from the novel
Babbit
by Sinclair Lewis. Slide26
4. Tradenames
When proper nouns are
commonized
, many of them have lost their original identity
Words that are
commonized
from proper nouns have rich cultural associations and thus stylistically vivid, impressive and thought-provoking, e. g
.
Slide27
4.Tradenames
[19] I want to be TV’s
czar
of script and grammar.
[20] Churchill, a bent
Pickwick
in blue uniform, looked up at him with majestic good humor, much older, more dignified, more assured.
[21] It is with
procrustean
thoroughness that the Soviet government squelches all dissent.Slide28
4.TradenamesSlide29
4. TradenamesSlide30
4.TradenamesSlide31
Thank you