Where Found Charge Mass Number Proton 1 1 Neutron 0 1 Electron Electron Cloud 0 ID: 209846
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Atomic Structure Where Found Charge Mass Number Proton +1 1 Neutron 0 1 Electron Electron Cloud - 0 · Contains the protons and neutrons · Positively charged (positive protons, neutral neutrons) · Small · Contains all of the mass of the atom · Extremely dense · Contains the electrons · Makes up most of the volume of the atom · Negatively charged (electrons are negative) · Electrons are small and essentially have no mass, so the electron cloud is mostly empty space Basic Electrostatics : Opposite charges attract and identical charges repel Ø Electrons and protons attract each other Ø Protons repel other protons Ø Electrons repel other electrons Ø Neutrons are neutral and should neither repel nor attract any particles Nuclear Forces: Powerful short range forces in the nucleus that hold the nuclear particles (protons and neutrons) together. These forces overcome the electrostatic repulsion of protons. Definitions q Atom : the smallest particle of an element that retains the properties of that element q Atomic number : the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom q Mass number : the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom q Isotope : Atoms of the same element that differ in mass number (differing numbers of neutrons)