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Do the Strong Receive What They Can? Do the Strong Receive What They Can?

Do the Strong Receive What They Can? - PowerPoint Presentation

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Do the Strong Receive What They Can? - PPT Presentation

Explaining the Allocation of Environmental Aid Chris Marcoux The College of William and Mary Christian Peratsakis University of Texas Augmenting Available Data Improving the breadth of coverage ID: 651354

environmental aid marker donors aid environmental donors marker aiddata donor data recipients code original allocation defined source amp flows

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Slide1

Do the Strong Receive What They Can?Explaining the Allocation of Environmental Aid

Chris

Marcoux

The College of William and

Mary

Christian Peratsakis

University of TexasSlide2
Slide3

Augmenting Available DataImproving the

breadth

of coverage

Adding multilateral and bilateral donors not reporting to OECD DAC

Moving beyond ODA by including other types of aid flows

Adding additional years of data for existing donors (e.g. IDA)

Improving the

depth of coverage

Adding more detail for existing project records

Documents

Descriptions

Co-financiersSlide4

Getting the Data

OECD CRS

Donor Documents: Annual Reports, Project Factsheets

Historical Data

Often not digitized

Webscraping

: Online donor data

Reliable; Quick; Automatically updated

New information captured readily

Direct from Donors: Phone; Email; Site Visits

Official; Primary source

Difficulties of winning donor cooperationSlide5

Total Development Flows in

AidData

by Year

Millions (2000 USD)Slide6

List of FieldsBlue = New in AidData

AidData 1.0 has 67 variables:

Donor Project ID

Donor Code/Name

Beneficiary

Location

Recipient Code/Name

Source

Source Detail

Source TypeContacts/Role of ContactFinancing AgencyImplementing AgencyOther OrganizationCommitment Date (not available in online version of CRS)End DateStart DateYearCommitment Original CurrencyDisbursement Original CurrencyTotal CostCommitment ConstantCommitment CurrentFlow CodeGrace PeriodGrant ElementInterest Rate

Investment Marker

Date of first/last repayment

Number of repayments per year

Type of repayment

Status

Tied Aid, Partially Tied Aid, Untied Aid

Description (long)

Description, original language

Short description

Title

Title, original language

Biodiversity Marker

Climate Change Marker

CRS Purpose Code/Name (partially new, we imputed values for the data we added)

Environmental Impact Assessment Marker

Freestanding Technical Cooperation

Gender Equality Marker

PDGG Marker

Sector Name/Code

Sector

Programme

Aid

AidData Activity Codes/Descriptions

AidData Dominant Sector Code/Name

AidData Feasibility Study Marker

AidData Technical Assistance Marker

NotesSlide7

Aid From Recipient PerspectivesWhen Small Donors Matter:Small donors can still have a big impact in specific countries

Example: Mauritania in 2007

Existing sources of data misses 61% of the flows Mauritania received.Slide8

Composition of Flows to Africa

0%=All Aid from Traditional Donors

100%=All Aid from

Non-Traditional DonorsSlide9

Explaining the Allocation of Environmental AidAnnual reports and websites of donor agencies emphasize the high levels of environmental degradation experienced by recipient countries

.

Recipient governments complain of donor-dominated environmental agendas that focus on regional and global threats and neglect development (as well as local environmental needs).

Who is right?Slide10

Categorizing Environmental Assistance5-point ordinal scaleEnvironmental, Strictly Defined (ESD)

Environmental, Broadly Defined (EBD)

Neutral (N)

Dirty, Broadly Defined (DBD)

Dirty, Strictly Defined (DSD)Slide11

Categorizing Environmental BenefitAll environmentally friendly projects (ESD or EBD) are further coded by scope:

Green Global or Regional Environmental Problems

ex: climate,

ozone depletion,

biodiversity

Brown Local / National Environmental Problems

ex: drinking water treatment

, soil erosionSlide12

Tracking Environmental AidSlide13

Environmental Aid & AdditionalitySlide14

Green|Brown Aid & AdditionalitySlide15

Green|Brown Aid & AdditionalitySlide16

Environmental Aid: Bilateral & MultilateralSlide17

Environmental Aid Type: Bilateral DonorsSlide18

Environmental Aid Type: Multilateral DonorsSlide19

Top Recipients of Environmental Aid

1980s ($5.08)

1990s ($2.80)

2000s ($2.26)

1. Brazil

$134.97

1. China $2.09

1. China $2.78

2. Egypt $9.50

2. Brazil $5.402. India $2.923. India $5.363. India $2.573. Russia $0.644. Philippines $1.214. Philippines $1.434. Vietnam $2.755. Indonesia $1.505. Mexico $10.175. Brazil $3.816. Korea $195.366. Indonesia $1.866. Morocco $4.837. Bangladesh $0.437. Egypt $5.897. Indonesia $1.228. Turkey $142.348. Argentina $11.258. Mexico $4.889. Algeria n/a9. Turkey $10.85

9. Iraq $113.02

10. Mexico $6158.76

10. Thailand $4.83

10. Bangladesh $2.01Slide20

Namibia Aid PortfolioSlide21

Namibia Aid Portfolio (cont’d)Slide22

Next StepsDevelop and test a model of environmental aid allocation that accounts for recipients’ interests and power.

Since

these may vary by issue, I focus on environmental transfers related to biological diversity – one of the two major treaties negotiated at UNCED.

Examine how much aid is given under the umbrella of MEAs

(

financial transfers) and assess success of financial transfers in building capacity

(completeness of

nat’l

reporting)Slide23
Slide24

“Greening Aid” allocation model

Ecofunctionalism

Aid correlates with environmental significance of recipients

Donors will target recipients with poor environmental quality

Institutionalism

Donors will target recipients based on revealed preferences

Donors will favor governments that provide credible/verifiable information about environmental performance

Realpolitik

“Loyal” recipients will receive more aid

Donors will disproportionately favor large recipients

LiberalismDonors will favor trading partners