Eye infection - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

Eye infection

By

:

Halemeh

Moh . Abu Shammala

Presented to

: Dr. Ayham Abu LilaSlide2

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والله أخرجكم من بطون أمهاتكم لا تعلمون شيئا وجعل لكم السمع والأبصار والأفئدة لعلكم تشكرون

النحل أية (78).Slide3
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Protective factorsThe eye is well protected from infection by the conjunctiva and the corneal epithelium.the tear film contains antimicrobials

while the tear flow itself tends to wash away pathogens

The eye harbors a host of nonpathogenic bacteria that competitively prohibit new bacteria growth.Slide5

However,these eye-defenses can be breached by trauma, improper tearing,

or contact lens wear and lead to an infection.

An eye infection

threatens vision,

can act as an entry portal to the rest of the body

and infections can progress to systemic involvement, meningitis, and even death.Slide6
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Some microbial eye’s diseasesEyelid >>>>>>>>> (blepharitis)

eyelash follicle>>>>>>> Stye

tissue around eye>>>>> Orbital cellulitis

Conjunctiva >>>>>>>Conjunctivitis

acute inflammatory conjunctivitis>>> Trachoma

the cornea >>>>>>>> (

keratitis

)

the liquid inside the eye>>>> (

vitritis)

,

the retina and the blood vessels that feed it >>>>>>>>(

chorioretinitis

),

the optic nerve>>>>>>>> (

neuroretinitis

). Slide8

Blepharitisinflammation of eyelid

major symptom : crusty or greasy eyelashes

Itching is common,

It is caused by skin bacteria.

Staphylococcus

aureus

infection is most commonSlide9
Slide10

Stye and Chalazion Styeis an infection that causes a tender red lump on the eyelid. Most

styes

occur along the edge of the eyelid.

When a

stye

occurs inside the eyelid, it is called an

internal

hordeolum

An

internal

hordeolum

is caused by infection in one of the tiny oil glands inside the eyelid.

Caused by Staphylococcus

aureus

T : Apply warm, wet compresses 3 to 6 times a day

.

Slide11

Chalazion is a lump in the eyelid.develops when an oil gland in the eyelid becomes blocked .may look like styes

, but they are usually

larger and may not be painful.Slide12
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Meibomianitis is an inflammation of the meibomian

glands, a group of oil-secreting (sebaceous) glands in the eyelids.

These glands

have tiny openings

to release oils onto the surface of the cornea.

increases the thickness of the oily secretions of the

meibomian

glands will allow excess oils to accumulate on the edges of the lids.

This allows for the

over-growth of bacteria, which are normally present on skin.

can be caused by allergy, the hormonal changes of adolescence, or general skin conditions such as acne.Slide14

Dacryoadenitis is an inflammation of the tear-producing gland (lacrimal

gland)

.

is most commonly due to viral or bacterial infection, common causes include

mumps

,

Epstein-Barr virus

, staphylococcus, and gonococcus.

Chronic

dacryoadenitis

is usually due to noninfectious inflammatory disorders.

Examples include

: sarcoidosis, thyroid eye disease, and orbital

pseudotumor

.Slide15

Orbital cellulitisis an acute infection of the tissues immediately surrounding the eye, including the eyelids, eyebrow, and cheek.

major cause

Haemophilus

influenzae

:from a concurrent sinus infection

(most common in children)

S.aureus

major

symptoms

:

Painful swelling , Bulging eyes

Decreased vision , Eye pain , Fever .

considered an emergency, why?

can cause blindness , or brain abscessSlide16
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Conjunctivitis "pink eye" Is the most common eye infection .caused by dilation of blood vesselstypes of Conjunctivitis includes: Viral conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis

Giant

papillary conjunctivitis

often affects soft contact lens wearers.Slide20

Bacterial conjunctivitis

Infection and inflammation of the conjunctiva caused by bacteria.

Staphylococcus

aureus

,

Haemophilus

influenzae

, Streptococcus

pneumoniae

and Pseudomonas

aeruginosa

.

major

symptoms :

Eye discharge :

a thick discharge or pus

.

Red eyes

Foreign body eye sensation

Eye pain

Swollen eyelids Slide21

Viral conjunctivitis is highly contagious

, because airborne viruses can be spread through sneezing and coughing.

can accompany common viral upper respiratory infections such as measles, the flu or the common cold.

usually

produces a watery discharge

.

Unlike with bacterial infections, antibiotics will not work against viruses.

But viral conjunctivitis is self-limited, which means it will go away by itself after a short time.Slide22

Trachomais the world's leading cause of preventable blindness.

Trachoma is the result of infection of the eye with

Chlamydia

trachomatis

.

Infection often begins during infancy or childhood and can become chronic. Slide23
Slide24

Neonatal conjunctivitis Up to 10 percent of all pregnant women in the United States have a sexually transmitted chlamydial infection

.

Another type of sexually transmitted disease related to the

herpes simplex virus type 2

found in the genital area can infect eyes of infants as they are born.

Herpes simplex virus type 1

, also can cause a type of

eye herpes

that results in pink eye.Slide25

Inclusion conjunctivitisInflammation of the conjunctiva of the eye by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis

.

The infection can occur in newborns while passing through an infected birth canal.

Adult infections tend to be transmitted to the eye from the infected genitals via the hands.

Diagnosis

: is made by taking

conjuctival

cells with a swap or platinum spatula

Slide26
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Parinaud oculoglandular syndromeis an eye problem similar to conjunctivitis ("pink eye").

It usually

affects only one eye and is accompanied by nearby swollen lymph nodes

and an illness with a fever.

Causes

Is caused by an infection by bacteria, virus, fungus, or a parasite.

The most common causes are :

cat-scratch disease and tularemia (rabbit fever). Slide29

keratitisIs inflammation of the cornea.

Viral

keratitis

:

Herpes simplex

keratitis

, leaves what is called

a '

dendritic

ulcer'.

Herpes zoster

keratitis

.

Onchocercal

keratitis

:

which follows

O.

volvulus

infection by infected

black fly bite

. Slide30

What are dendritic ulcers? A

corneal ulcer

, or

ulcerative

keratitis

, or

eyesore

a common and serious infection of the corneal epithelium by

Herpes simplex virus type I.

The virus lies dormant in the trigeminal nerve between attacks.

It is a common condition in humans particularly in the

tropics and the agrarian societies.

In developing countries,

children afflicted by Vitamin A deficiency are at high risk for corneal ulcer and may become blind in both eyes, which may persist lifelong.

Symptoms

extremely painful due to nerve exposure,

cause tearing,

vision loss of the eye.

There may also be signs of anterior

uveitis

, such as

miosis

(small pupil),

aqueous flare

(protein in the

aqueous

humour

) .Slide31
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It can be seen with the slit lamp microscope used to examine your eye.

Fluorescent yellow drops are used to show the ulcer up more easily. Slide33

Amoebic

keratitis

:

the most serious corneal infection,

usually

affecting contact lens wearers caused by

Acanthamoeba

. Slide34

Bacterial keratitis: can follow from an injury or from wearing contact lenses.

Staphylococcus

aureus

: for contact lens wearers,

Pseudomonas

aeruginosa

: contains enzymes that can digest the cornea.Slide35

Fungal keratitis : Fusarium sp. Slide36
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EndophthalmitisIs inflammation of the uveal tract or posterior chamber .Usually caused by intraocular infection.

Major cause :

Bacillus cereusSlide38

chorioretinitisInflammation of the choroids and retina of the eye. It can be caused by various pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungus or protozoa.

Cytomegalovirus (

AIDS

)

Herpes virus 2

Histoplasmosis

Syphilis, congenital

Toxoplasma

, congenital

Symptoms :

Progressive loss of vision

Floating black spots

Blurry visionSlide39
Slide40

thank you