HIV and Indigenous Peoples in Aotearoa, Australia and Canad - PowerPoint Presentation

Slide1

HIV and Indigenous Peoples in Aotearoa, Australia and Canada

Clive AspinSlide2

Ko Matai Whetu te maraeSlide3

Ko Moehau te maungaSlide4

Ko Waihou te awaSlide5

The

needs

of indigenous peoples in the face of rising rates of HIV

We

need

a new approach to HIV

We

need

to take control of our own lives

HIV programs

need

to be designed, implemented and delivered by indigenous people

We

need

strong indigenous leadershipSlide6
Slide7

Launch of the Toronto Charter at the

16

th

International AIDS Conference, 2006Slide8

It is essential that HIV and AIDS data on indigenous peoples be collected, analysed and reported in a manner that is respectful of the needs of indigenous peoples as identified by indigenous peoples themselves Slide9

Some key statistics for 2008

New HIV infections per day

New HIV infections in 2008

People living with HIV in 2008

Children

1200

430,000

2,100,000

Young people (15-24)

2500

920,000

5,000,000

Adults (25+)

3700

1,340,000

26,300,000

Source

: UNAIDS, Annual Report 2009Slide10

Three Decades of HIV and AIDS

Rising rates of HIV

No sign of a cure

Increasing rates of unprotected sex among MSM in developed countries

Treatments available for positive people, but limited mainly to developed countries

Almost two thirds of PLWH are in sub-Saharan Africa

Disease of the poor,

marginalised

and dispossessed

MSM, sex workers, IDU, prisoners,

indigenous peoples

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Indigenous Peoples

Indigenous people are living on every continent. In many countries they were displaced by peoples who colonized their land centuries ago, and they continue to suffer prejudice and discrimination at the hands of mainstream society

.

Many indigenous people live today as marginalized minorities in conditions of poverty and powerlessness—conditions

favourable

to the spread of HIV. However, specific efforts to monitor the epidemic among indigenous people are rare. Most of the scarce information available comes from the developed world.

Source

: UNAIDS

www.unaids.org/en/PolicyAndPractice/KeyPopulations/IndigenPeople/default.aspSlide12

Indigenous peoples, HIV and AIDS What we know

Data collection is poor, data are limited, ethnicity not accurately recorded

Marginalised

communities less likely to be counted, geographical isolation, stigma and discrimination act as disincentives to disclose status

Social taboos and cultural norms prevent indigenous people from disclosing

behaviour

Accurate data may increase

stigmatisation

But absence of data can lead to neglect and invisibility

The absence of reliable data about HIV infection means concerns about the impact of the HIV epidemic on indigenous populations may not be given priority on national and international policy agendasSlide13

HIV prevalence is a poor measure of the HIV risk faced by a community

Factors that render individuals and communities

vulnerable to HIV

poverty

marginalization

lack of political or social power

fragmentation of family and community relationships

geographical isolation

low literacy

poor general health

limited access to health care and health resources

drug use/injection

low individual and community self-esteem

Slide14

AIDS, Maori and vulnerability to HIV

MOH Action Plan on HIV/AIDS, 2003

Lack of access to culturally appropriate services

Maori are disproportionately on low and very low incomes

Trans-Tasman migration

Lack of information

Poor access to health resources such as condoms

High rates of sexually transmitted infections

High level of discrimination and

stigmatisation

Changing pattern of the AIDS epidemicSlide15

Australia - Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders 2002 to 2006

Non-Indigenous

Most HIV transmission due to male homosexual contact

Indigenous

Higher rates of HIV infection due to heterosexual contact

Higher proportion of infections attributed to IDU

Higher proportion of infections were among women

(33% vs. 11%)Slide16

Canada

First Nations,

Metis

and Inuit - 2003

Aboriginal peoples make up

3.3%

of the Canadian population yet accounted for

13.4%

of AIDS and

25.3%

of HIV

IDU principal mode of transmission - approx

60%

of all cases

1998-2003 females represented

45%

of AIDS cases and HIV notifications

Youth made up 31.4% of HIV diagnosesEthnicity information is not reported on HIV surveillance data in the two largest provinces, Ontario and QuebecSlide17

Data forthcomingSlide18

Main points

Rates of HIV diagnosis in Canada much higher than in

Aotearoa

and Australia in both males and females

Rising rates of infection in Canada are due to injecting drug use

In

Aotearoa

and Australia, rates of infection are highest among MSM

Higher rates of infection due to IDU in Australia than in

Aotearoa

All countries operate NSP but Canada started later and did not use pharmacies for distributionSlide19

What does the public health system need to do to protect all members of society from

HIV infection? Slide20

Kia ora

Merci

Gracias

Thank you