Monarch Butterfly Conservation - PowerPoint Presentation

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Monarch Butterfly Conservation

Challenges and Opportunities

Allison Cowie

Stephen MershonHannah RiedenEmily Yates

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Today’s Migration Route

ChallengesThe DisciplinesAgricultureDeforestationPaid Environmental ServicesNGOsPolicy Solutions/Opportunities

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Challenges

Milkweed (Pleasants and Oberhauser 2013)85-92% of monarch larvae feed on milkweed58% of milkweed has disappearedHabitat loss (Dell’Amore 2014; Brower et al. 2006)2012: inhabit 2.76 acres in MBBR2013: 1.65 acres in MBBR (44% less)80% of monarchs have disappeared from Midwest

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Geography

Social geographers study theenvironment in which specific human activities occur, focusing heavily on the social factors and forces involved (“Social Geography” 2014)

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Psychology

Connection between humans and surroundingsThe biophilia hypothesis and land use (Kellert 1993)Environmental risk perception (Böhm and Tanner 2012)Informational strategies (Böhm and Tanner 2012; Abrahamse and Matthies 2012)Incentives (Barkin 2003)

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Economics

The branch of knowledge that deals with the production, consumption, and transfer of wealth (Backhouse and Medema 2009) Key InsightsEconomic Value of Pollinators (Gallai et al. 2009)Willingness to Pay (Diffendorfer et al. 2014) Social Discounting (Shaw et al. 2012)

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Political Science

The study of rules and power and government systems Applied to Monarchs:ESA (Bean 2009)Hybrid governanceScale: International & Local (Lopez-Hoffman 2009; Patterson 1999)NGOs (Price 1994)Sanctuaries (Alisau 2002)

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Agriculture

Glyphosate-resistant crops in Midwest (Pleasants and Oberhauser 2013)GMO crops: utilitarian with little perceived risk (Böhm and Tanner 2012; Diffendorfer et al. 2014; Barkin 2003)Economic Worth of ButterfliesAnnual economic worth of more than $200 billion (Gallai et al. 2009)

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Deforestation

Utilitarian vs. aesthetic (Kellert 1993)Changing perceived risk of deforestation for indigenous population (Vidal et al. 2014; Barkin 2003; López-Hoffman et al. 2010)Closing illegal roads to reduce logging (Ramirez et al. 2007)Government sanctioned forest reserves (Alisau 2002)

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Paid Environmental Services

EcotourismButterfly houses Tours of the MBBR (removes economic incentive for illegal logging)Aquaculture Sustainable trout farming in conjunction with minor logging activity

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PES: Ecotourism

Butterfly House Industry designed to profit off of aesthetic, symbolic valuation (Boppré and Vane-Wright 2012)Incentives to Conserve (Barkin 2003)

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PES: Aquaculture

Sustainable trout farming could be “very lucrative” for some areas in MBBR (Lopez-Garcia et al. 2014)Trout is a nutritious food sourceSurplus will sell for a good priceRemoves economic incentive for illegal logging

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NGOs

Education and Conservation (Price 1994)Monarca (Price 1994)Xerces Society (Center 2014)

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Policy

International goal setting & informational strategies (López-Hoffman 2010; Flockhart et al. 2013)ESA (Bean 2009)Petition to label monarchs as endangered (Center 2014)Hybrid Governance and Scale (Lopez-Hoffman 2009; Patterson 1999)“Scaled out” management of MBBR (Cohen and McCarthy 2014)

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Solutions and Recommendations

Financial incentives

International goal settingHybrid governance

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Scale

ESA petition

Preservation of habitats

Education

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