pIlgoTtslyoI Run x0506wI AgIx0B0CwNI NA xtE x1107lIno wT eN TwlI xtE sNx0B0AanIeT gx1407Il OiCfc swlweyP x0B03x130CwAwryenx1417 Dx1407Il euwT Vx130Dsgx0B0C bNg ryI Sg ID: 169416
Download Pdf The PPT/PDF document "Run aywIऊ rఉg Nจt..." is the property of its rightful owner. Permission is granted to download and print the materials on this web site for personal, non-commercial use only, and to display it on your personal computer provided you do not modify the materials and that you retain all copyright notices contained in the materials. By downloading content from our website, you accept the terms of this agreement.
–digtalyऊgnఉsgDจfฐ uyXscrfoXacyg –digԆlyg syଌlDygD gFfegᄇXyicglrgPDgrlXygFfegoDଊtiyPrgsᐇyXghpbxmgolXlPaMgଃጌl lnaPiᐗ SᐇyXgPdlrg(ግosଌg)Dsgnayg$slଠM)grlXygԊMPl(Migฏeg lMirg™sM.grlXyqg-)gᐃMiଌlyXgly(sPgayo DsP(sPgolciଌDc)pg–dlᐄlᐄloiaMg Dጄ-sM ᐇXylyXgD gagMaጒigysԢiጄD gጝDጆPigoDnsԃyPᐄጆPdic PdaygrlXylyXgiaଂgDyiglyol0losaMM)p –dig(DᐇPlDylyXgD gPdigrlXyaPsciga((iaጆyniglrgnDy lXsca-Mi{g(MsrgDyg"dlଂg(aXirgD gPdi oDଊԃyPglPgrdDsMoga((iaጄ℉lጔPg(aXi{gMaᐌg(aXigDጄaMMg(aXiᐣpg haypP FfegᄇXyiጄԆlyg(aXiUg dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗԨ(o 1rlXyiጨ fD"yMDaogฏegᄇXyiጄℐጃig laPሊFሆcy
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
U$
}Fሕ=gԆlyFሏs Pg1'fXcxFሆoFee"gDFr gbaርcfሄnP sguyሉs\ yሆcy<
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
U[
CsᐌDtgCDy lXscaPlDy
pppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppppp
EN
dalaሎee"gԆlygĂigiae PgnPaylgbayrcRPgēR sԭ ee
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
UA
dalaሎee"gԆlygĂigiae PgnPaylg(]gcsg⠬Mw┚
MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM
U0
FaXig
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗnDt:(o 1ᐇXyic:
–scrfᔒguyPXฐeFXacy
OigጃnDԅiyogPDglyᐌaMMgPdig(cDosଌgsᐇyXgayg㈕tlylᐌጆPDጄaଋDsyPp
㈉PicgPdigriPs(g lMiglrg␃ጇ lio{gPdigD(iጆPlyXgr)ᐌitgԇXdPgጃ$siᐌg)Dscg(iጅlᐔlDygPDglyᐌaMM
Pdlᐄ(cDXጆԗ
CMlଠg」ጃgly Dgayogyi䀌gnMlଠg
–digti؇ta
]iaogPdig⬊Magayogl g)Dsg"ayPgPDgnDyPlysi{gᐃMiଌg
yg sଌPg
ayogଛlଠg
DPฏ
g-sPPDygsyPlMgPdigᐃPs(
lᐄ lylᐂiop
FaXig
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗnDt:(o 1ᐇXyic:
dalaXฐg(ऊXa)aᔎXऌ
dalaሎeg( sሆḆoFሉghcoFሆcy
–DgolXlPaMM)gᐇXygagฏeg lMigagolXlPaMgଃጌl lଆPiglrgyiioiopg–digolXlPaMgniጌl lଆPirgaጃgᐌDጃogly
P"Dg(Maଃᐧ
lyg[lଓDᐍ PgᄌDጃ
lygฐhgDygิEg lMir
–digଃጌl lnaPirgᐌDጃogDyg
ആoscPcḒgԒcs
gaጃga0alMa-Mig-ḄD(iylyXg
yifPଃPfgဎuXcଌn
gKg
rccXo
ԃysgKg
yifPଃPfghufpcio
gKg
bcifPif
gPa-gKg
bPଏpxpᨅfPo
g-sPPDyg℔iig-iMD"⌗
eDጄFfegolXlPaMgᐇXyaPsጃᐥgPdigniጌl lଆPiᐄᐌDጃogDyg
ᬌକcitX
gPa-gaጃgsᐃopg–dirigଃጌl lଆPir
da0igag(s-Mlayogag(cl0aPig.i)pg
–digolXlPaMgᐇXyaPsጃglrgଓiaPiog-ḄsᐇyXgPdig(ጇ0aPig.iḄD gPdigଃጌl lଆPipg–dig(ጇ0aPig )gଆy
-igᐌDciogDygPdig lMigr)rPitgLlԝDጌiogฐhg lMiᐣ{gDygagଓ)(PDXጆ(dlngᐅaጌgଆcogLMl gAMaooly
i–D ygDጄᄆ i'iPgl䈃)qgDጄDygag,ᄰgℽaጕ"aጃguiଊጇP)g」osMi⌗g
㈈DPdicg"aḄPDgᐌDcigagolXlPaMgଃጌl lnaPiglrgag
ăjg⤓sgģU oሎyle
R gPdigଂiଠ-Dzg
(pᔗ)XPgᔗsitfdଌg)cF
glrgଂiଠio{gagᐇXyaPsጃgጃଌayXMig"lMMg-iglyᐃጌiogDygPdi
FfegoDnsԃyPpg–diga((iacayଃgD gPdigolXlPaMgrlXyaPscigଆyg-igଊᐌDԇ䐃og ግtgPdi
$psitfdଌgऑuPtଅiᨌ
gᐃଌlDypg
–digoi asMPgPi䀌golጃଌlDyglrgMi PgPDgጇXdPpg–DgଂayXigPdigPizPgolciଌlDygPDgclXdPgPDgMi Pg℃pXpg Dc
,i-ጃ"gMayXsaXi⌄ଂiଠ-D䀄
–ps.fgfcgLPxfgfPฏ
gtsᐌg-igଂiଠiop
–digoi asMPg DyPg lMig DcgPdigolXlPaMgᐇXyaPsጃgጃଌayXMiglrg,iM0iPlଆpgRPglrg(Dᐔl-MigPdaPgPdlrg DyP
PDgyDPglynMsoigaMMgyiଃᐔac)gS'RC2f>gଂaጆଌiጔgMl g
C5g95gG
pg2ygPdlrgଆᐃg)Dsg"lMMgyiiogPD
srigaygizPiገaMg DyPp
–dig DyPgᐇ䐃glrgଆMnsMaPiog-aᐃogDygPdigᐇXyaPsጃgጃଌayXMigᐇ䐃glygDcoicgPDg lPgDygPdi
rlXyaPsጃgጃଌayXMigℇPgyDPgda0igag lziogᐇ䐃⌗gR g)Dsg"ayPgPDgsᐃgagᐝinl lng DyPgᐇvi{glPgଆyg-i
ᐃnl liogDygPdig
-cifgopqP
griଌlDyp
.NP s\Fሆcy@
gR gPdigଊᐌDtg(DᐇPlDyg"lMMg-igsᐃo{gPdigገicgℙ{xqglrgDygPdig-DPPDtgMi PgD gPdi
(aXip
FaXig
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗnDt:(o 1ᐇXyic:
SnPdatnᴝlnࠋgaltPl dЃP
–digoi asMPgolXlPaMgᐇXyaPsጃgPi䀌gyPalyrgly DጅaPlDygizPጆଌiog ግtgPdigᐇXylyXgniጌl lଆPi{
rlXylyXgoaPi{grlXylyXgጃaᐍygayogrlXylyXgMDଆPlDyg-sPgPdigolXlPaMgᐇXyaPsጃgPi䀌gଆyg-igiaᐇM)
ଊᐌDtl䐃op
ԉሄር gdalaሎegԆlyFሏs gYsFL=ao
–digolXlPaMgᐇXyaPsጃgጃଌayXMigଆygyPalyrgPizP{gXጆ(dlngDcgPizPg"lPdgXca(dlଗg–Dgaoogay
lԆXigDygPdigolXlPaMgᐇXyaPsጃgciଌayXMi{g)DsgଆygoDgPdaPg ግtg
MXtᨌgtigp0tsPgcigf.P
opsitfdଌg)cF
griଌlDyp
FaXig
wx
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗt:(o 1rlXyic:
–d̄n ᬈlt l)
–dirigP)(irgD gᐇXyaPsጃᐄaጃgᐂD"yg-iMD"Ug
Ԇlyaylg> FPcygFyrghcoFሆcyg
–digᐇXylyXgciaᐍygayogMDଆPlDygaPPጇ-sPiᐄnayg-igᐃPg ግԄPdigԆlyglyPiጉaଃp
FaXig
ww
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗt:(o 1rlXyic:
$.tL-ṅtnГt l) qttttttt0.tL-ṅtnPtfnaẍရГqtttttttttt{.tL-ṅtmd rtАt l)
–d̄lጅ༗qt"lnPငqt✐an dငtnГt:n ltᴈဝlࠉdlPtdЅXጐ༇
nPaylgt,'UE[5gt,'EqUg,FP=g'elcsaX=xP
–digoi asMPgdaᐂgaMXDclPdtgsᐃog-)gPdigMl-cac)glrg
Խ'qg
-sPgl
ygᐍԃgnaᐃᐥgᄽ㈾bN:hg> \coFሆcyguyḓsxFሆcygcygር g–digԆlyFሏs
R gPdigጃ0DଆPlDygly DጅaPlDyg"lMMgyDPg-iga0alMa-MigDyMlyi{gPdigolXlPaMgrlXyaPsጃgଆyyDPg-i
0iጇ liog-)gPdig㈕D-ig]iaoicgiyXlyigᐍglPglrgciԅiyoiogPDglyଛsoigPdigC]5gDygPdi
rlXyaPsጃg-MDଠp
–dlᐄᐃPPlyXglᐄa0alMa-MigDygPdigflXlPaMgCiጌl lଆPiᐄ"lyoD"pg
'DPigPdaPgᐍԃgጃ0DଆPlDygly DጅaPlDyg lMirgℷ]5qgaጃg0ic)gMacXigᐍgciᐊMPlyXggᐇXyiog lMig"lMM
(cD(DጌlDyaMM)gMaጒicp
FfegᄇXyiጄ"lMMgPc)gPDglyଛsoigC]5g Dጄi0ic)golXlPaMgଃጌl lଆPig ግԄPdigଂalyp
FaXig
wb
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗt:(o 1rlXyic:
FaXig
wN
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗt:(o 1rlXyic:
Xt1:⬅ጂid nFtPd̄n ᬈltmd ᐐM tylDဆn dငtdЊဈ∋ dင
Xt1:>tጂ̂ nFtPd̄n ᬈlt ᐋ tl∏lጌt ᐇtylDean dငtdЊဈ∋ dင
–diO'gԒFyrFsr
Ffe:Aglrgag lMig DጅaPg DcgPdigMDyX⤌iጅgaጋdl0lyXgD giMiଌግylngoDnsԃyPᐗgRPglrg-aᐃogDygPdi
Ffeg]i iciyଃg\iጔlDygwp9g ግtg㈕D-igu)rPiԔgRyଗgℇԝMiԃyPioglyg㈕D-ig㈋ግ-aPgbgayo
MaPiᐌg0iጔlDyᐣgayoglᐄoi lyiog-)gRᅉgwmxxb⤴UExxbp
FfegᄇXyiጄଆygolXlPaMM)grlXygฏe:Agg lMiᐗ
.NP s\Fሆcy@
gRygDጕicgPDgᐆ0igagฏe:Ag lMi{gaMMg DyPrgsᐃogDygPdigFfegoDଊԃyPgԊᐌg-i
it-iooiogℇyଛsolyXgPdig DyPgsᐃogDygPdigolXlPaMgrlXyaPscigጃଌayXMi⌗g–digolXlPaMgᐇXyaPsጃ
DyPgଆyg-igᐃPgDygPdigᄇXyaPsጃg㈝(iaጆyଃgᐃଌlDyp
FaXig
w@
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗt:(o 1rlXyic:
1:⬬X=$༅ጐaᬢlЉtmd ᐅጂid nFtPd̄n ᬈl
maxऄtXนLayl
max gԒFxLgር g–digdalaሎegԆlyFXfs
–lԃᐌaԝlyXglrgayglԝDጌayPgԃndaylᐅg DcgPdigMDyX⤌iጅg(ciᐃc0aPlDygD golXlPaMgrlXyaPsጃᐥ
PlԃgᐃaMlyXgD goaPagD-BiଌrgPDg(cD0ig"diygPdi)g"iጃgጃଃl0io{g(ግPiଌlyXg()ጇXdPgayo
lyPiMMiଌsaMg(ግ(iጌ)gayog DcgPdig(ግ0lᐇDygD gyDPacl䐆PlDygᐃጤlଃᐗg
–DgaoogPlԃgᐌaԝlyXgly DጅaPlDygPDgPdigฏegolXlPaMgᐇXyaPsጃg)Dsg"lMMgyiiogaଋiᐔgPDgag
]eC
PLcyP gcyg'rcN
㈔golXlPaMgᐇXyaPsጃrgଃጌl lଆPiᐥgPdigPltigᐌat(lyXgጃr(DyᐃrgaጃgᐇXyiog-)gagଃጌl lଆPi
lᐔsiog-)gagCiጌl lnaPlDygAsPdDጇP)p
R gPdigPlԃgᐌat(lyXgଃጌl lଆPigℍጄPdig]DDPgCAgPdaPglᐔsiogPdigPltigᐌaԝlyXgଃጌl lଆPi⌄lrgyDP
lyଛsoioglyg㈕D-igᄌDጃ{gPdigPlԃgᐌaԝlyXgጃᐝDyᐃgsMogyDPg-ig0iጇ liog"diygagsᐃcgD(iy
agoDଊԃyPg"lPdg㈕D-ig]iaoiጄ℔iigizaԝMi⌗
m=aPgN =F\acsg=FPgycርaylgሓgrcgRaርgር gPalyaylg ylay gNfXgRaርgር g'rcN
o sሆḆoFሆcyg\FearFXacygLsco rfs M
–Dg␆MloaPigPdigrlXylyXgniጌl lଆPiglyg㈕D-igsᐃgPdigtiPdDorgoiᐋጇ-iogDygPdlrgoDଊԃyPU
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗԨԆysaMᐨ\aMloaPlyXflXlPaMᄇXyaPsጃᐱy㈕D-ip(o
pgg
FaXig
wm
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗt:(o 1rlXyic:
<ဉtDlࠂsdlጅ d∇P n∝
'ࠛP lጅ d∇tP n∝dЃtylPᴐЌl
{yᔊ"LXacy
R g)Dsg"ayPgPDg(cDPiଌgPdigᐇXyiogoDଊtiyPg-)g(ci0iyPlyXgaଌlDyrgMl.ig(ጇyPlyXgDcgnDyPiyP
()lyXg)Dsgtsᐌgiyଓ)(PglPpg–digoDଊԃyPgnayg-igiyଓ)(PiogsᐇyXg(aᐔ"Dጕrg ግt
ဃᨋaufpci
gᐃଌlDyp
R gPdigฏegoDଊtiyPglrgrlXyiogayogiyଓ)(Piog"lPdgayg
{ᔌngᬅᔕlcଦU
g"diygPdigoDnsԃyPglr
D(iyioglygฏegciaoic{gPdigฏegoDଊtiyPg(aᐔ"Dጕgtsᐌg-igiyPiጃop
FaXig
Ex
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗt:(o 1rlXyic:
\gaࠗᴉdငtPl dЃP
1nPPmဈጅdPtyl〛dࠇጅ စဝlЅ ᐇtጐaᬢlЉ
2"yicgฆᐔ"Dጕ
glrgsᐃogPDgriPgPdig(aᐔ"DጕgPdaPg(ግPiଌrgPdigฏegoDଊԃyPg Dcg(clyPlyXgDc
yPiyPg()lyXp
OdiygPdigrlXyiogayogiyଓ)(PiogoDଊtiyPglrgD(iyioglygagฏegciaoic{gPdigᐃnsጇP)gᐃPPlyXr
acigrdD"ygMl g-iMD"p
FaXig
Ew
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗt:(o 1rlXyic:
–laᬈd ptPl dЃPtsဈtntጂ̂ nFFptPd̄tnГtlgaࠗᴉlጅጐaᬢlЉ
hm:gtalyFXfsऌg1hcylgmऊxg:ฐarฒacy<
F㈕⬑gጃnDXylvirgPdaPgolXlPaMM)1ᐇXyiogoDଊtiyPrgԆḄ-igsriogDcgaጋdl0iog DcgԆyḄ)iaጔgK
i0iygԆyḄoinaoiᐗg㈌gayḄPlԃglygPdig sPsci{glygᐝlPigD gPiଂyDMDXlଆMgayogDPdicgao0ayଃᐥglP
Ԋᐌg-ig(Dᐔl-MigPDg0aMloaPigPdigoDଊtiyPgPDgy lጅgPdaPgPdigᐇXyaPsጃg"aᐄ0aMlogaPgPdigPlԃglP
"aᐄrlXyiogKgagnDyଃ(Pg D"ygaᐄ5DyX⤁iጅg\aMloaPlDygℸ–⼣p
RygDጕicgPDgda0igag5–\gᐇXyaPsጃ{g-igrsጃgPdaPgDygPdigflXlPaMgCiጌl lଆPirgᐃPPlyXᐥgPdi
ଂiଠ-D䀄
yiᨒd"PgmPଏpxpᨅfPgnP⠓ᨅfpcigpixcn0tfpcig1gLcisgrPn0gopsitfdଌgइaPXsฒacy
–DgጃXlᐌicgPdig(ግosଌg)Dsg"lMMgyiiogagriጇaMgysԢicpgRPgଆyg-ig(sጋdaᐃogDyMlyigolጃଌMḄ ግt
Pdig(cDosଌgtalyg(aXip
㈉Piጄ)Dsg"lMMgD-Palyg)DsጄriጇaMgysԢic{gD(iygฏegᄇXyiጄayogଛlଠg]iXlᐌiጄ'D"g-sPPDyp
⬈PiጄPdigጃଃl0iogᐃጇaMgDygPdig]iXlᐌጆPlDyg"lyoD"{gaᐄ-iMD"U
CMlଠg]iXlᐌiጄ-sPPDyp
FaXig
E<
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗt:(o 1rlXyic:
R gPdigᐃclaMgyst-iጄlᐄጓiଌ{gPdig(ግosଌg"lMMg-igrsଋiᐔ sMM)gጃXlᐌiጃop
FaXig
E9
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗt:(o 1rlXyic:
}FXᔭgtalyFXfsऌg1'fXcxฒaᔎee"gDFrऄbaX=cfXgnఉsguyXऊ\ईXacyt>dFlఅbంgito㌅eythS.<\'
FfegᄇXyiጄԆlyg syଌlDyᐄaጃga0alMa-MigDyU
p'⬁gflXlPaMgᄇXyPsጃg5l-cac)Ug
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗԨᐕ
ᄇXyaPsጃ5l-ጆc)p䐇(
gDጄDyg
FfegᄇXyiጄᄃc0iጧg
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗԨ(o 1rlXyiጩᐃc0iጨ
–DgolXlPaMM)gᐇXygฏeg lMigsrlyXgC3gDcg⼺p'⬁{goD"yMDaogPdigMl-ጆc)ga-D0igayoglyr(iଌ
$psitfdଌgLp)ଅଆ=ᴟ9GG@gᬋcYPᨏo
g DMoicp
–digC3g"lMMgMDD Ml.ig-iMD"U
FaXig
E@
g1gFfegulXyicgSᐃcg[aysaMgL0icᐇDygjp
qg1g
dPP(U::"""pᐇXy lMiᐗt:(o 1rlXyic: