RINGS Beatriz Frisón Máster en Astrofísica OBSERVATIONS 1610 Galileo satellites 1655 Christian Hygens rigid matter disk 1675 Cassini Cassini division XVIII Laplace ID: 391462
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Slide1
SATURN’S
RINGS
Beatriz Frisón
Máster en AstrofísicaSlide2
OBSERVATIONS
1610- Galileo:
satellites
?
1655 – Christian
Hygens
: rigid matter disk1675– Cassini: Cassini divisionXVIII- Laplace: thin rings1857- Maxwell: little mass1895- Keeler y Campbell: velocitySlide3
MAIN CHARACTERISTICS
Alphabetic
order
by
discovery date9 main rings. Total ≈ 140Dense rings: 7,000 km – 80,000 km (Req)Thickness ≈ 10m – 30,000kmTotal Mass = 3 x 1019 kg ??T
hin
gaps
&
ringletsSlide4
MAIN RINGS STRUCTURESlide5
Radius
Radius
/
Optical
Albedo
ThicknessSurf. DensityEccentricity
(km)
Eq
.
radius
Depth
(m)
(g/cm2)
Saturn
Equator
60,268
1.000
D
inner
edge
66,9
1.110
D
outer
edge
74,51
1.236
C
inner
edge
74,658
1.239
0.05 - 0.10
0.12 - 0.30
5
1.4 -5
Titan
ringlet
77,871
1.292
17
0.00026
Maxwell gap/
ringlet
87,491
1.452
17
0.00034
C
outer
edge
92
1.527
0.12
0.2
5
2-7
B
inner
edge
92
1.527
0.4 - 2.5
0.4 - 0.6
5-10
20 -100
B
outer
edge
117,58
1.951
1.8
Cassini
division
0.05 - 0.15
0.2 - 0.4
20
18 -20
A
inner
edge
122,17
2.027
0.4 - 1.0
0.4 - 0.6
10-30
30 -40
Encke
gap
133,589
2.216
Keeler
gap
136,53
2.265
A
outer
edge
136,775
2.269
0.6
0.4 - 0.6
10-30
20 -30
F ring center
140,18
2.326
0.1
0.6
0.0026
G
inner
edge
170
2.82
1.0 x 10-6
105
G
outer
edge
175
2.90
E
inner
edge
181
3
1.5 x 10-5
107
E
outer
edge
483
8
107Slide6
INNER
RINGS
From
inside
to outside:D ring: faint, small. RingletsC ring: Inner: Colombo Gap, Titan RingletOuter: Maxwell Gap, Maxwell RingletB ring: brilliant, massiveCassini Division
: 2:1 Mimas
Huygens Gap:
inner
border
, 2:01 Mimas
A ring
: Atlas. 7:06
with
Jano and
Ephimeteo
.Encke Gap: Pan insideKeeler Gap: Dapthnis insideRocke DivisionF ring: thick, shepherd moons (Prometeus, Pandora).Slide7
OUTER RINGS
From
inside
to
outside:Janus / Epimetheus ring: faint, 5,000 kmG ring: thin,Ring arc at 7:6 Mimas (Aegaeon)Methone Ring arc: 14:15 MimasAnthe Arc Ring: 10:11 MimasPalene
Arc
Ring
: 2500 km
E Ring
:
from
Mima
to
Rhea
.Slide8
PHOEBE RING
06/10/2009 –
Spitzer
i = 27˚
R= 6 -12 x 10
6
kmThickness: 20 DsaturnPhoebe insideSlide9
RING WAVES
Above:
Waves in Saturn's A ring. The bands in the lower left are spiral density waves, and the bands in the upper right are bending waves. This image was taken by the Cassini spacecraft in 2004. (Saturn is off to the lower left.)Slide10
COMPOSITION
99% ice
Tolins
Silicates
Thin
Atmosphere:O2, H2, OHSlide11
RINGS FORMATION THEORIES
Roche:
satellite
–
tidal
forzesNebular materialCanup RM theory