PPT-Spectroscopy of Earth’s Atmosphere and Solar Radiation in the Spectral Range of 400

Stephanie Inabnet Edmond Wilson Harding University To determine what information can be learned from measuring sunlight through Earths atmosphere We will be focusing mainly on Identifying peaks . Sunrise . from space over the South China Sea. An astronaut would see something like this; clearly defined bands of color through the atmosphere as the sun rises. High-peaking cumulus clouds, topping out in anvil-head cirrus can be seen as black shadows against the sunlit horizon. The brightness of the colors in the atmosphere in this photograph is due to the amount of dust in the atmosphere. More dust is found in near the equator. There are various sources for such upper level dust. Many dust storms in Africa and ash clouds from major volcanic eruptions are two reasons. . Oscillating . electric and magnetic fields. propagate through space. Virtually . all energy exchange between the Earth and the rest of the Universe. is by electromagnetic radiation. Most of . what we perceive as temperature. . Emission and Absorption . Take away concepts. Conservation of energy. . Black body radiation principle. Emission wavelength and temperature (Wien’s Law). . Radiation vs. distance relation . Black body energy flux (Stefan-Boltzmann Law) . Ch 27. Questions??. What are some theories about how our solar system began?. The Nebular Hypothesis. solar nebular. a rotating cloud of gas and dust from which the sun and planets formed. In 1796, French mathematician . Terra-forming. ASTR 1420. Lecture . 2. 6. Not . in the Textbook. Space Colonization. Space colonization in this lecture is a narrow sense : colonization by human and in the Solar System only (say within next few . . Energy . Balance. 100 units of solar radiation hits the top of the atmosphere. Surface absorbs 51 . solar units (49 reflected & absorbed). Surface absorbs another . 96 units from the warm sky!. SC.6.E.7.1. . Differentiate among radiation, conduction, and convection, the three mechanisms by which heat is transferred through Earth’s system.. Florida Benchmarks. Density. is the mass per unit volume of a substance.. transmitted. absorbed. reflected. 1. transmission. Radiation passes through atmosphere unimpeded.. Shortwave and longwave “windows” . 2. absorption. Energy is transferred to absorber; absorber emits energy. Mark . Schnittker . 2013, Aug-23. schnittker@yahoo.com. 408-368-1064. . Some common measurement techniques. . . Atomic techniques (usually inorganic). X-ray spectroscopy. Optical absorption. Plasma discharge. ATMOSPHERE Composition of the Atmosphere The atmosphere is comprised of a variety of gases: Major Constituents (99%): Nitrogen (N): 78% Oxygen (O 2 ): 21% Trace Constituents: Other: 1% Sun is the main source of energy for Earth. Radiation of solar ray is main source of energy for Atmosphere. . Diameter of sun – 1382400 kms (109 times more than earth) . Velocity of electro magnetic short waves – 297600 km/ second. In fact, the atmosphere receives very low amount of heat energy from the sun as it receives most of its energy from the long wave terrestrial radiation.. Atmosphere receive energy from the sun and the earth in different ways. . Earth’s Surface. Atmosphere. Solar Incident. Reflected by Atmosphere. Reflected by Surface. Simplified (isotropic) shortwave radiation model. S = incident. R = cloud. reflection. A = absorption. c.. 70 km (. c.. 43 mi), characterized by a relatively constant composition of its component gases. Air above a region of surface high pressure is more dense than air above . a region of surface low pressure (at the same temperature). .