PPT-What are variables? Or what changes during experiments….

Independent Variables What is tested by the scientist What is changed by the scientist Also known as manipulated variables Dependent Variable What is observed What is measured The effect caused by the independent variable. The tradeoff between internal and external validity. Natural sciences. In natural sciences, most experiments have been undertaken in carefully controlled laboratory conditions. Seeking laws of physics, etc.. Diana C. . Mutz. University of Pennsylvania. Analysis of Experiments. Simple, straightforward. No fancy statistical techniques required. Very few questions required. Comparison of means (analysis of variance). Research. :. Experiments. . Test . Market. Adrien CORFMAT. What. . is. an . Experiment. ?. Experiment. : . Research. . approach. in . which. one variable . is. . manipulated. and the . effect. Diana C. . Mutz. University of Pennsylvania. Analysis of Experiments. Simple, straightforward. No fancy statistical techniques required. Very few questions required. Comparison of means (analysis of variance). Carl Hamblyn. SO_P. S_AR. Designing an Experiment. An experiment is a set of observations made under conditioned controlled by the observer. Experiments allow us to claim cause and effect (if correctly designed). Data Collection: . Experiments and Observational Studies. 1/23/12. Association. versus Causation. Confounding Variables. Observational Studies . vs. Experiments. Randomized Experiments. Section 1.3. Overview. How do experiments differ from observational studies?. What are the three main variables we need to consider in experimental research?. What are the similarities and differences between between-group and within-subject experiments?. Overview. How do experiments differ from observational studies?. What are the three main variables we need to consider in experimental research?. What are the similarities and differences between between-group and within-subject experiments?. Overview. This section mainly reviews some of the more difficult concepts from the readings. What are the defining features that differentiate an experiment from a non-experiment?. What are “factors” and “levels,” and how does this have implications for analyses?. he . experimental . method. Should we. 2. …be control freaks?. …be manipulative?. …treat people who are. the same completely. differently?. …be a bit random?. The magic of the experiment . 3. Experiments. After this section, you should be able to…. DISTINGUISH observational studies from experiments. DESCRIBE the language of experiments. APPLY the three principles of experimental design. 9/4/12. Collecting Data: Experiments. SECTION 1.3. . Association versus Causation. Confounding Variables. Observational Studies . vs. Experiments. Randomized Experiments. http://www.dukechronicle.com/article/teenage-marijuana-use-causes-mental-deficit. Experiments and Observational Studies. 1/23/12. Association. versus Causation. Confounding Variables. Observational Studies . vs. Experiments. Randomized Experiments. Section 1.3. Professor Kari Lock Morgan. Basic and Applied Research. Notes:. The question asked is either “basic” or “applied”. “Try again…” NEVER with the same data set . *data mining*. Literature review is ESSENTIAL. It’s the “educated” piece of an “educated guess”.