HI 168 Lecture 16 Dr Howard Chiang OVERVIEW Democracy Wall 197879 Democracy Movement 198587 Third Party Congress Eastern Europe and the Road to June 4 Democracy Movement 198789 June 4 ID: 234368
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Slide1
1989 and Its Aftermath
HI 168: Lecture 16Dr. Howard ChiangSlide2
OVERVIEW
Democracy Wall: 1978-79
Democracy Movement: 1985-87
Third
Party Congress
Eastern Europe and the Road to June 4
Democracy Movement: 1987-89
June 4
Years After DengSlide3
Zhao
Ziyang
and Hu
YaobangSlide4
DEMOCRACY WALL: 1978-79
Wei
Jingsheng
(
魏京生
)
- 5
th
modernization – democracy
-
‘
Does Deng Xiaoping want democracy? No, he does not. He is unwilling to comprehend the misery of the common people. He is unwilling to allow the people to regain those powers usurped by ambitious careerists. He describes the struggle for democratic rights—a movement launched spontaneously by the people—as the actions of troublemakers who must be repressed….If his idea of democracy is one that does not allow others to criticize those in power, then how is such a democracy different from Mao Zedong’s tyranny concealed behind the slogan “The Democracy of the Dictatorship of the Proletariat”?
March 29, 1979: Four Cardinal Principles, shoving out of sight the ‘Four Big Freedoms’Slide5
Wei
JingshengSlide6
DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT: 1985-87
September 1985 – student protests
- 54
th
anniversary of the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on September 18, 1931
- responding to
inflation
and the rise of
nepotism
as jobs were given to sons and daughters of senior officials [
gaogan
zidi
]
- astrophysicist Fang
Lizhi
(
方勵之
)
Conservative CCP leaders:
- launched a mass campaign against ‘bourgeois liberalization’ [
zichanjieji
ziyouhua
]
- Hu
Yaobang
relieved of duties in Jan 1987Slide7
THIRTEENTH PARTY CONGRESS
Beijing, Oct 25 to Nov 1, 1987
Retirement of the older generation of political leaders
‘speeding up and deepening reform’
Zhao
Ziyang’s
report ‘Advance along the Road of Socialism with Chinese Characteristics’
- separate the functions of the CCP and the governmentSlide8
DEMOCRACY MOVEMENT: 1987-9
1989: 40
th
anniversary of the founding of PRC; 70
th
anniversary of May 4
th
; 200
th
anniversary of the French Revolution
January 6, 1989 – Fang
Lizhi
sent an open letter to Deng Xiaoping, asking for amnesty
Hu
Yaobang
died on April 15, 1989
Hunger strikes – moral authority
May – movement focused on dismissal of Li Peng (prime minister) and Deng Xiaoping
May 15 – visit of Mikhail Gorbachev, president of the USSRSlide9
Mikhail
Gorbachev in Beijing
May 1989Slide10
JUNE 4
May 20, 1989: Li Peng issued an Order of the State Council, declaring martial law in Beijing
May 30: Goddess of Democracy
Jun 3-4: PLA moved in to clear Tiananmen Square of all demonstrators
-
Muxidi
and
Qianmen
Official figures: 200 civilians (36 students) killed and 3000 injured
Government’s rationale: anarchy and counter-revolution
Problems with the demonstrators themselvesSlide11
Goddess of DemocracySlide12
Jiang Zemin
1989-2002
‘Three Represents’
China joined the World Trade Organization in 2001Slide13
Hu Jintao
2002-2012
‘Harmonious Society’
‘Scientific Development’
‘Populist authoritarianism’