A Brief History of Palestine - PowerPoint Presentation

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A Brief History of Palestine Forged in Continuous ConflictWeek 3

Slides may be found at

www.wllc.org/adult-education.htmlSlide2

Palestine has been controlled by numerous different peoples, including the Ancient Egyptians, Canaanites,

Philistines

, Hyksos, Hittites,Tjekker, Ancient Israelites, Assyrians, Babylonians, Persians, Ancient Greeks, Romans, Byzantines, early Muslims (Umayads, Abbasids, Seljuqs, Fatimids), Crusaders, later Muslims (Ayyubids, Mameluks, Ottomans), the British, the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan (1948–1967, on the "West Bank") and Egyptian Republic (in Gaza), and modern Israelis and Palestinians.Slide3

The SituationPalestine located in Fertile Crescent, between Egypt and a continual line of alien forces, each hostile to Egypt, each of which wants to control the trade routes through the area.Slide4

Last Time:Abraham – patriarch of 3 faiths , Called to moves to Canaan. ~1800 B.C.Isaac, son of Abraham, father of Jacob and IshmaelJacob- ancestor of the Hebrews, Ishmael – ancestor of the Arabs

Hyksos - Semitic Canaanites invade and seize Lowe Egypt – become

Egyptianized, establish a Dynasty of Pharaohs 1630 B.C.Joseph, son of Jacob, sold into slavery in Egypt rises to rank of Viceroy Ahmose I, Pharaoh of Upper Egypt, expels Hyksos and unifies the Egypt 1532 B.C.Akhenaten, monotheist Pharaoh, causes domestic crisis Tutankhamun restores polytheism, ends crisis 1336 B.C.Egyptian Rule extended from Nubia through Canaan to the Euphrates RiverRameses II, Pharaoh of the Exodus, suppresses Egyptian monotheism 1279 B.C. Clashes with HittitesSlide5

Last Time:- ExodusMoses born under Rameses II rule

Probably after 1271 B.C.

Placed the Nile in a reed boat, drawn out by a daughter of Rameses and adopted (Ex 2:1)Mose means “son of” and should have included a god’s name, as in Thutmose, AhmoseMoses kills Egyptian, flees to Midian. (Ex 2:11-15) Marries Zipporah, daughter of Jethro.Sees burning bush (Ex. 3:1) returns to Egypt (Ex. 4: 18), through Aaron, demands release of Hebrews (Ex. 7)10 Plagues (Ex. 7-11)Mt. Sinai Moses receives 10 Commandments (Ex. 20:1)God bars Moses from entering Canaan.(Dut. 3:21)Slide6

David and SolomonSaul (1082 B.C. – 1010 B.C.) appointed the 1

st

King of IsraelBattles Philistines, David kills Goliath (1 Samuel 17)Saul later rejected by God for not following instructionsSaul falls on sword to avoid capture by PhilistinesDavid anointed king of Judah (1010 B.C. – 970 B.C.); War ensued between Judah and Israel, Saul’s son murdered, David made King of Judah and Israel. Captured Jerusalem.Had affair with Bathsheba, wife of his friend Uriah the Hittite. Arranged for Uriah to be killed in battle.Solomon son of David and Bathsheba succeeded him (970 B.C. -931 B.C.). Built 1st Temple. 1 of 48 Prophets (Talmud), a major prophet (Qur’an)931 B.C. After David, the kingdom is split into Israel and JudahSlide7

Rise of Assyria

1220 BC

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Babylon is under Assyrian control.

1115 BC - Assyria conquers Phoenicia.

841 BC

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Israel pays tribute to Assyria.

745 BC - 727 BC

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Tiglath

Pileser

III expands empire. Adopts Aramaic as the Official Language

729 BC

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Babylon is occupied by Assyrians. 729 BC - Tiglath Pileser III King of Babylon and Assyria. 727 BC - 722 BCE - Reign of Shalmaneser V. 722 BC - 705 BCE - Reign of Sargon II of Assyria. 721 BC - Israel is conquered by Assyria. 1st Exile705 BC - 681 BC - King Sennacherib attacks Judah but fails to take the capital Jerusalem. 671 BC - Egypt is conquered by Assyria. 668 BC - 627 BC Reign of Ashurbanipal, the last great king of Assyria. 653 BC Egypt expels Assyrians. 627 BC - Revolts break out following the death of Ashurbanipal, empire begins to fail. 612 BC - Downfall of the Assyrian empire. 605 BC - 549 BC Babylon rules over the Assyrian regions. Slide8

The Exiles

734 B.C. Assyria invades Israel and begins deporting populace.

724 B.C. - Judah becomes Vassal of Assyria in return for Military Aid (2 Kings 16:7-9) Assyria conquers Samaria, deports IsraelitesAssyrian cuneiform states 27,290 deportedSargon II repopulates with GentilesNo edit was ever issued for the return of the people of the Kingdom of Israel – Lost 10 TribesKing Hezekiah revolts against Assyria; Sennacherib attacks Judah (2 King 18:17), but fails to take Jerusalem. Assyria is attacked by Babylon. 605 B.C. Babylon defeats Assyria. 604 B.C. Exiles Jews to Babylonia.597 B.C. 2nd wave of deportation by Nebuchadnezzar 586 B.C. Nebuchadnezzar takes Jerusalem – destroys Temple of Solomon539 B.C. Exiles ends – Cyrus the PersianSlide9

What Effects did the Babylonian Exile have on the Jews?Destruction of Temple – No ability to sacrifice animals

Rise of Synagogue system – focus on study and teaching of Torah

Creation of new class - Rabbi’sExposure to Zoroastrian Religion (monotheistic)Before Exile, Jews likely followed monolatry (monolaterism) After Exile, Jews likely followed monotheismBooks of Daniel and Esther written during exileSlide10

Palestine Under the Persians

539 B.C. Cyrus II (the Great) of Persia defeats The Babylonians. Releases Jews from Captivity (Ezra

1:7) he is referred to as “Messiah” (Isaiah 45:1) and is the only non-Jew to be called so.Jews prospered under Persian Rule which lasted until 332 B.C.334 B.C.- 324 B.C. Alexander the great defeats Darius II and takes the entire Persian EmpireSlide11

Hellenization of PalestineHellenization

: The spread of Greek language and culture (Hellenism)

across the Mediterranean, starting with the conquests of Alexander the Great.323 B.C. Ptolemy Took control over EgyptControl of Palestine changed between Ptolemies and the Seleucids 5 times.By 301 B.C. Ptolemy had controlGreek institutions were open to allGreek Language adopted as Lingua FrancaGreek Culture was highly valued among the aristocracy201 B.C. (Syrian Greeks) gain controlAntiochus IV Epiphanes implements aggressive Hellenization (de-Judaization) Slide12

Maccabeans“Line in the sand” – at war with Egypt. Stopped by 1 old Roman Senator

Hellenized Jews wanted to abolish Jewish practices and adopt Greek ways; opposed by Traditional Jews.

Attempted coup for office of High Priest.Antiochus IV outlawed Jewish Religious Rites, ordered worship of Zeus168 B.C. – 160 B.C. Maccabean Revolt - Mattathias the Hasmonean164 B.C. Judah Maccabee drives out Seleucids, restores worship in Temple – celebrated as ChanukahUshers in 100 year period of Self-Rule until Roman occupation in 63 B.CMerger of Priesthood and Political Rule – Rise of the Sadducees, Pharisees, etc.Slide13

Next Time:

Rome