The period of time during which monarchs of western Europe had absolute control over their national governments and societies B What is the Divine Right Theory The theory that stated that monarchs had a ID: 526317
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A. What is the Age of Absolutism?
The period of time during which monarchs of western Europe had absolute control over their national governments and societies.B. What is the Divine Right Theory? The theory that stated that monarchs had a god given right to rule their nations as they wished.
Jean-Joseph Mouret: Rondeau from Suite de Symphonies Slide3
Discussion Question 1
How might a ruler misuse religion when starting a war?Slide4
Discussion Question 2
What is the significance of the following quote? "Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely.”-Lord Acton(1834–1902). Slide5Slide6
Main Idea
Spain experienced a golden age during the 1500s, but economic problems and military struggles decreased Spanish power by the 1600s.The Power of SpainSlide7
Spain at peak of grandeur with reign of Philip II
One reason—stream of gold and silver from colonies in AmericasWith wealth came power—but gold could not solve Spain’s problems
Spain under Philip II
Reigned from 1556-1598. Slide8
King Philip II devout Catholic, son of Holy Roman Emperor Charles V.
Saw himself as leader of Counter-ReformationMarriage to Queen Mary I of England was a chance to spread CatholicismMary died before having England return to Catholic faith
Religion and RevoltSlide9
Around 1500, Catholic kingdoms in Spain
reconquered Muslim areas and expelled Spanish Jews and Muslims. Spain saw itself as a nation chosen by God to save Catholic Christianity from Protestant heretics. Philip championed Catholic causes. His actions led to spectacular victories as well as stunning defeats. ReconquistaSlide10
Christian Reconquest of SpainSlide11
Philip’s faith clashed with Protestantism of northern Low Country provinces (Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg)
1560s, bloody revolt began
Revolt in the Low CountriesSlide12
Dutch Revolt
Dutch refused to declare allegiance to Philip To punish, Philip sent army under command of Duke of Alba
Alba set up court
Known locally as Court of Blood
Tortured, executed thousands suspected of being rebels
Cruelties made situation worse; rebellion broke out anewSlide13
Dutch Revolt
Revolt dragged on for decades1609, truce reached
Seven northern provinces formed independent nation, the Netherlands
Southern provinces remained in Spanish handsSlide14
English Aid to Dutch
Dutch revolt deepened another rivalry, between Spain, EnglandAs fellow Protestants, England sent aid to Dutch rebelsEngland’s assistance to Dutch infuriated Philip
Spain and EnglandSlide15
Attacks on Spanish Ships
Philip also worried about English attacks on his shipsEngland’s Queen Elizabeth I allowed ship captains to attack Spanish treasure ships, steal gold, silver for EnglandSlide16
Invasion Planned
King Philip II wanted to stop England from raiding ships, return England to Catholic ChurchDecided to invade EnglandSlide17
Philip’s Armada
Philip ordered navy to assemble great fleet, the Spanish ArmadaTotaled 131 ships, 20,000 soldiers, sailors, 180 priests
1588, invincible fleet sailed into English channel
Queen Elizabeth I rallied troops and prepared for attack under leadership of naval commander
Sir Francis Drake
.Slide18
Sir Francis Drake
Drake, an experienced explorer and sailor, was Elizabeth’s choice as vice admiral in command of the English fleet.Slide19
Duke of Medina Sidonia
Philip’s choice for captain of the Spanish fleet. Alonso Perez du Guzman, the Duke of Medina Sidonia,came from one of the wealthiest families in Spain.He had little sailing or military experience, but was powerful and popular. Slide20
Spanish Offensive
In July 1588 the Duke of Medina Sidonia and 131 ships left Spain. The plan was to sail to Dunkirk in France There the Armada would pick up another 16,000 Spanish soldiers that were under the command of Alessandro Farnese, the Duke of Parma.Slide21
The following chart describes the route of the Spanish Armada and their eventual defeat.
Why did the Spanish strategy fail?
Could they have avoided defeat by approaching the battle differently?
Spanish Armada RouteSlide22
Naval Battles – The end gameSpanish packed ships with soldiers for land invasionAlso planned to be joined by Spanish forces in NetherlandsFirst journey stopped early because of severe storms at seaFaced fierce naval battles that severely damaged fleetSlide23
Armada Not Invincible – Disaster for Spain
English aimed eight fire ships at remaining ships of ArmadaSpanish ships fled in panic, disarrayAs damaged ships made way home, several were wreckedSlide24
The defeat of the Armada was not the end for Spain, which recovered from the loss.
But England remained Protestant, defiant, and undefeated.England now emerged as a world power while Spain faded from the forefront.
An Empire in DeclineSlide25
Spain’s real problems internal
Philip’s government centralizedHe trusted no one
Court riddled by factions, suspicion
Government action practically came to standstill
Internal ProblemsSlide26
Philip spent wealth from Americas on constant warfare
Borrowed money often; went bankrupt four timesPrices driven up, inflationSpain did not develop industries
Americas Join the Battle
Relying on traditional agricultural economy, Spain’s economy lagged behind that of other countries. Spain declined as a major power.Slide27
Recall
What were two events that caused problems for Spain?
Answer(s):
revolt in the Netherlands; defeat of the Spanish Armada