PART A DECK PSYCH40S 1 Define Psychology The word psychology comes from two Greek words psukhe meaning breath or soul and logos meaning word or reason ID: 333417
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Slide1
Exam Review
PART A
DECK – PSYCH40SSlide2
1. Define Psychology
The word
psychology
comes from two Greek words,
psukhe
,
meaning “breath or “soul,” and
logos
,
meaning “word” or “reason.”
Today psycho
means the “mind” and
logy
is “science.”
Therefore,
psychology
can be defined as
the science of behavior
Psychology aims to:
Understand human & animal behavior
To explain why humans & animals do what they doSlide3
2. How does psychology differ from pseudoscience?Slide4
3. Why is psychology considered to be scientific?
Based on empirical evidence
Research evidence supports findingsSlide5
4. What are the 8 steps to critical thinking?
Ask Questions – Be willing to wonder
Define your terms
Examine your evidence
Analyze assumptions and biases
Avoid emotional reasoning
Don’t oversimplify
Consider your interpretations
Tolerate UncertaintySlide6
5. Where and when was the first psychological laboratory established? And by who?
1879 – In Germany by Wilhelm Wundt (AKA the father of psychology)
The first man to call himself a psychologist
First psychology text ever writtenSlide7
6. What are the three early approaches in psychology?Slide8
7. The early Greek philosophy “animism” means what?
Psychology first began as a primitive Greek philosophy called
animism.
(Latin for spirit)
Animism
is the belief that all animals and all moving objects possess spirits providing their motive force.
They believe the movements of their own bodies were controlled by their minds or spirits.
EX: Even gravity was explained in terms of animism: Rocks fell to the ground because the spirits within them wanted to be reunited with the earth.Slide9
8. What is an insane asylum?
“a
hospital for mentally incompetent or unbalanced
person”
Do we still call hospitals for mentally ill persons insane asylums? How have treatments changed?
M
ake links to “The
Lobotomist
” and “The Awakenings”Slide10
9. What types of treatments were used in the past on individuals who were mentally ill?
Answers may vary based on historical treatment assignments.
Possible answers – bleeding a patient out (bleeding the evil blood out)
Sensory deprivation
Lobotomies (Walter Freeman)Slide11
10. In present day psychology we study five perspectives. What are they?
Biological
Sociocultural (Social Psych)
Learning (Behaviorism)
Cognitive
PsychoanalyticSlide12
11. There are two influential movements in psychology. What are they?
Feminism
HumanismSlide13
12. Who is P
hineas cage? What is the significance of this person?
A
ccident
where a rod went through his left frontal lobe and
he
survived. First case that suggested damage to specific parts of the brain might affect personality.
Behaviour
at end of life was very different then before his accident. Even after physical recovery he was not welcomed back to his job because he went from a hardworking mad to indulging in the “grossest profanity” , impatient and unwilling to take advice.Slide14
13. Who is Sigmund Freud and what learning perspective did he establish?
Trained neurologist
Established an early approach to psychology known as psychoanalysis. Later known as the
psychodynamic perspective
.
Unconscious motives and conflicts affecting behavior.
States both normal and abnormal behaviors
are
determined primarily by
unconscious
forces
The unconscious mind exerts great control over
behavior
Patients who came to him often suffered from a variety of anxieties and other mental
disturbances
Often his theories on behavior and personality were based on patients who would be considered “psychotic”Slide15
14. What is a Freudian Slip?
Idea created by Sigmund Freud
A persons true feelings are revealed through slips in speech
Also known as slip of the tongueSlide16
15. Who is Ivan Pavlov? What famous experiment did he do? What psychological perspective is this?
Russian Psychologist
Won Nobel Prize for Medicine
Created a famous behaviorist theory (learning perspective) on learning known as classical conditioning.
Famous for his salivating dog experiment (be able to explain this experiment)Slide17
16. What is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?Slide18
17. Define nature and nurture. What is the debate between the two all about?Slide19
18. We learned about Maslow’s theory of hierarchy needs. What are the basic needs? What is self-actualization?Slide20
Self - Actualization
What a person's full potential is and realizing that potential.
The desire to become everything that one is capable of becoming.
When applied to individuals the need is specific such as a desire to become an ideal parent, good athlete, or best artist one can be.
In order to reach a clear understanding of this level, one must first not only achieve previous needs, but master these needs.Slide21
19. Who is David Reimer? Explain this case.
Answers will vary. Responses should be based on the documentary watched in class!
Review questions on David Reimer.