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Industrial Food Industrial Food

Industrial Food - PowerPoint Presentation

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Industrial Food - PPT Presentation

Isabella Beeton Mrs Beetons Book of Household Management 1861 It is not unknown to some of our readers that Dr Dauglish of Malvern has recently patented a process for making bread light without the use of leaven The new process impregnates the bread by ID: 544451

industrial food mechanisation foods food industrial foods mechanisation canning imperial british day empire retail bread cans factory empire

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Slide1

Industrial FoodSlide2

Isabella

Beeton, Mrs

Beeton’s

Book of Household Management (1861)

‘It is not unknown to some of our readers that Dr

Dauglish

, of Malvern, has recently patented a process for making bread ‘light’ without the use of leaven. . . The new process impregnates the bread, by the application of machinery, with carbonic acid gas, or fixed air. Different opinions are expressed about the bread; but it is curious to note, that, as corn is now reaped by machinery, and dough is baked by machinery, the whole process of bread-making is probably in course of undergoing changes which will emancipate both the housewife and the professional baker from a large amount of labour.

’Slide3

Magazine edited by Isabella Beeton and her husband

Nature of the recipes changed over the magazine’s lifetime in ways that reflect the increasing ‘

industrialisation

’ of food.Slide4

‘industrial food’

‘foods

that are mass produced in a factory setting and require no or very little cooking to make them edible. These foods are also packaged which make them highly portable. Examples of industrial foods are commercially canned goods; frozen foods; ice cream; breads, cakes, and pies purchased at bakeries and/or groceries and supermarkets; cake mixes; hot and cold cereals; instant mashed potatoes; pastry/pie shell mixes; and jams and jellies.

Gabriella

Petrick

, ‘Industrial Food’,

Oxford Handbook of Food

History

(2012

).Slide5

‘industrial food’

Foods that reflect a complex of new, 19

th

-century technological developments in:

preserving

mechanisation

r

etailing

t

ransport

Jack Goody

, ‘Industrial

Food: Towards the Development of a World Cuisine’,

Cooking, Cuisine and Class

(1982)

.Slide6

Preservation: Canning

Modern process invented by Nicolas

Appert

(1795)

--fish, condensed milk, evaporated milk, vegetables, meats . . .

By 1924

two million hundredweight of condensed milk

was imported annually into the UK

.Slide7

Preservation: Canning

By 1880 50 million tins of sardines were being packed annually on the west coast of France, three million of which were exported to Britain. The world of industrial food had begun.’

(

Jack

Goody, ‘Industrial

Food’)Slide8

Preservation: Dehydration and Concentration

--powdered

milk, meat extract, bouillon, meat powder

. . .

Liebig Company

m

eat extract (1880s)Slide9

Preservation: Freezing and Chilling

--meat, fish, vegetables

Chilled beef

Arriving in

London

1923Slide10

Mechanisation

Important in both agriculture (harvesters, etc.) and manufacturing.

Biscuit production was one of the first to be

mechanised

—mixing, rolling,

cutting.

--Huntley and Palmers biscuits (1841)

Slide11

Mechanisation

: Preparing PeachesDel Monte Factory (1930)Slide12

Mechanisation: An Example

Modern breakfast

c

ereals Steam power essential for manufacturing:

m

ixing

, flaking, toasting, puffing, extrudingSlide13

Mechanisation

: Canning

Workers in the

labelling

and packing section of a tinned salmon production line in a Vancouver factory (1940)Slide14

Mechanisation: Canning

A master canner could make 60 cans a day by hand.

With

a Howe’s ‘Little Joker’ Lidding device (1870s

) . . .

‘one

workman and a boy could put tops and bottoms on 1,500 can bodies a day

’.Slide15

Mechanisation: Canning

But a

Reinerts

non round can seamer

(1905) . . .

could

seam 8,000 cans a

day

.

. . . . From

60

cans a day to

8,000

cans a day.Slide16

Mechanisation

: Canning

‘The

introduction of the

Reinerts

was to lead to the disappearance of the ancient trade of can

soldering.’

‘A

family business that started up in Bilbao more than one hundred YEARS AGO’, http://

www.somme.com

/en/company/history.Slide17

Mechanisation: Canning

Unionisation

:

--Can Makers Mutual Protective Association formed

in 1884 (USA)

StrikesSlide18

Mechanisation

1913 Ford Assembly LineSlide19

Mechanisation

Tomato factory in the USA (1930)Slide20

Assembly Lines and Disassembly Lines

Disassembly Line’, Cincinnati Hogs (1873)Slide21

Transport: Railways

Wheat ready for

loading

at

a station on the

Central Argentine Railway

(circa 1910)Slide22

Transport: Railways

Central

Argentine Railway

bringing cattle to Barrancosa

(Argentina).Slide23

Transport: Refrigerator Ships

Le Frigorifique

(1876)

)Slide24

Retail: Branding

B

randing erases

the actual origin of a food, replacing it with a brand

.

Richard

Wilk,

Home Cooking in the Global

Village

(

2006)Slide25

Retail: Branding

Branded products (Lea &

Perrins

, Frys, Heinz, Kelloggs . . .)

Branded shops (Thomas Lipton Groceries, Lyons Tea Shops . . .)Slide26

Retail: Advertising

Hovis

Bread Advertisement (1958)1932 Advertisement Slide27

Retail: Advertising

Shredded Wheat (invented 1892)

1909 Advertisement

Grape Nuts

(invented 1898)

1918

AdvertisementSlide28

Retail: Anxieties about Pure Food

Branding plays on concerns about adulteration—guarantees of purity.

Upton Sinclair,

The Jungle (1906)US Pure Food, Drink, and Drugs

Act

(1906)

Slide29

Industrial Food and the British Empire

Early

tinned foods

travelled around the empire—India, Batavia, Hong Kong, Gibraltar, Manila, West Indies . .

.Slide30

Industrial Food and the British Empire

Whether for European troops deployed up Egypt’s Nile River, explorers seeking the Pole, or emissaries of the British Raj in India, canned foods ranging from green peas to steak and kidney pudding and potted beef became essential accoutrements of imperial ventures.’

Jayeeta Sharma, ‘Food and Empire’,

Oxford Handbooks of Food History

, ed. Jeffrey Pilcher

(2012

)

Slide31

Industrial Food and the British Empire

Troy

Bickham

:

imperial

goods penetrated deeply into everyday life in Britain.

Troy

Bickham

, ‘Eating the Empire: Intersections of Food, Cookery and Imperialism in Eighteenth-Century Britain’,

Past and Present

(2008) Slide32

Bickham

, ‘Eating the Empire’

Imperial

goods were advertised

specifically

as

imperial

Imperial foods were

marketed

nationally, using

advertisements

that reached many British consumers

Imperial foods reached the UK through new systems of

transport

(‘the

economic machinery that transported tea from China to Mary Smith’s Cotswold home was a remarkably efficient

one.’)

Eating connected the British to their empire as foods became not only the most abundant products of imperial trade, but also the empire’s most prevalent symbols.