BY DR KHAWAJA RASHID HASSAN HEAD SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS DEPARTMENT WMDC ABBOTTABAD MISCELLANEOUS DENTAL MATERIALS Materials used in MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY Materials used in ENDODONTICS ID: 343769
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MISCELLANEOUS DENTAL MATERIALS
BY
DR KHAWAJA RASHID HASSAN
HEAD SCIENCE OF DENTAL MATERIALS DEPARTMENT
W.M.D.C
ABBOTTABADSlide2
MISCELLANEOUS DENTAL MATERIALS
Materials used in MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY.
Materials used in ENDODONTICS.
Materials used in PERIODONTICS.Slide3
Maxillofacial materials
INTRODUCTION
Maxillofacial materials are used to correct facial defects.
CAUSES OF FACIAL DEFECTS
Cancer surgeries.
Accidents.
Congenital deformities.
NOSES, EARS, EYES, ORBITS & OTHER PARTS OF HEAD AND NECK REGION ARE REPLACED BY THESE PROSTHESESSlide4
MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESES
PROSTHETIC EYE
PROSTHETIC EARSlide5
MAXILLOFACIAL PROSTHESES
PROSTHETIC NOSESlide6
Maxillofacial materials
Following materials are used for the fabrication of maxillofacial prostheses.
POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE.
POLYURETHANE.
ROOM TEMPERATURE-VALCUNIZED SILICONES.
OTHER ELASTOMERS.Slide7
Maxillofacial materials
POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE:
P.M.M.A was once commonly used for maxillofacial prostheses.
Still used occasionally to make artificial facial parts.
Look quiet realistic once properly pigmented.
Hardness & stiffness of P.M.M.A is the main disadvantage.Slide8
Maxillofacial materials
2)
POLYURETHANE:
Used as maxillofacial materials.
Formed by the reaction of
diisocyanate
&
polyol
in the presence of an initiator.
Reaction must be carried out in a dry atmosphere or carbon dioxide will result.
Processing temperature of 100
̊C is reasonable.Slide9
Maxillofacial materials
3)
ROOM TEMPERATURE VALCUNISED SILICONES:
Because of good physical & mechanical properties & favorable processing characteristics RTV-Silicones have become popular maxillofacial materials.
Used more often than any other material for fabrication of maxillofacial prosthesis.
They are easy to color.Slide10
Maxillofacial materials
4)
OTHER ELASTOMERS:
Several
elastomers
have been investigated for use as maxillofacial materials, including
Aliphatic polyurethanes.
Chlorinated polyurethane.
Organophosphazenes
.
Silicone poly(methyl meth
acrylate
) block polymers.Slide11
ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
Endodontics is concerned with the physiology, morphology & pathology of the human dental pulp & periradicular tissues
Treatments include:
Capping of exposed vital pulp.
Sealing of root canal space after removal of infected pulp.
Reconstruction with endodontic post & core systems in case of badly broken down tooth
.Slide12Slide13
ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
Vital pulp capping:
Two types
Indirect pulp capping
Direct pulp capping
PULP CAPPING MATERIALS:
Calcium hydroxide cement.
Dentin bonding agents
.Slide14
ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
b) ROOT FILLING MATERIALS:
Most widely used root canal filling materials are basically a combination of
Obturating points &
Canal sealer cements.
I)
OBTURATING POINTS
Gutta
percha
points.
Metal points.Slide15
ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
(OBTURATING POINTS)
GUTTA PERCHA POINTS:
Gutta
percha
is a rubber obtained from the trees in Malaysia.
Was introduced in U.K IN 1843.
Thermoplastic material.
Softens at 60-65
̊C & melts at about 100 ̊C.
Cannot be heat sterilized but can be disinfected.
Gutta
percha
when cooled rapidly forms a crystalline
β
phase whereas when cooled slowly a denser crystalline
α
phase is formed.
α
phase
gutta
percha
has better thermoplastic characteristics and hence preferred to be used in hot
gutta
percha
systemsSlide16
ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
(OBTURATING POINTS)
OBTURA II
OBTURA IIISlide17
ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
(OBTURATING POINTS)
COMPOSITION OF GUTTA PERCHA POINTS
CONSTITUANT
AMOUNT (%)
PURPOSE
GUTTA PERCHA
19-22
RUBBER
ZINC OXIDE
59-75
FILLER
HEAVY METAL SALTS
1-17
RADIO-OPACIFIER
WAX
or
RESINS
1-4
PLASTICIZERSlide18
ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
(OBTURATING POINTS)
B)
METAL
POINTS
:
Metals including gold, tin, lead & silver had been used as root canal filling materials.
Silver points were used mostly because of bactericidal effect.
Rigidity & ability to get corroded easily were the 2 main disadvantages of silver obturating points.Slide19
ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
(ROOT CANAL SEALER MATERIALS)
IDEAL PROPERTIES OF ROOT CANAL SEALER CEMENTS
Should be biocompatible.
Should be bacteriocidal or
atleast
bacteriostatic.
Easy to use.
Should be insoluble.
Should be free of air bubbles when mixed.
Floe to thin film thickness.
Should adapt to the canal walls & obturating points.
Should be radiopaque.
Should be easily removed in case of failure.Slide20
ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
(ROOT CANAL SEALER MATERIALS)
ROOT CANAL SEALER MATERIALS:
ZINC OXIDE EUGENOL.
GLASS IONOMER CEMENT.
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE CEMENT.
POLY DI METHYSILOXANE.Slide21
ENDODONTIC MATERIALS
(POST & CORE SYSTEMS)
PREFABRICATED POSTS:
Metal posts
Non threaded parallel sided posts.
Threaded parallel sided posts.
Non threaded tapered posts.
Threaded tapered posts.
Fibre reinforced resin posts
Carbon fibre reinforced posts.
Glass fibre reinforced posts.
Ceramic posts
Cosmopost
.
Biopost
.
Cetapost
.Slide22
PERIODONTAL MATERIALS
Zinc oxide
eugenol
formulation.
Zinc oxide fatty acid formulation.
Formulation including
polyacrylic
acid, poly ethyl
methacrylate
, zinc oxide, n-
butylphthalate
& alcohol.Slide23
This Ends Your Science of Dental Materials Course
GOOD LUCK FOR YOUR PROFESSIONAL EXAMZ