Origin of the Honey bees Honey bees appear to have their center of origin in South and Southeast Asia including the Philippines No European honey bees existed in the New World during human times before 1682 ID: 198216
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Slide1
Modern bee keepingSlide2
Origin of the Honey bees
Honey bees appear to have their center of origin in
South and Southeast Asia, including the Philippines.
No European honey bees existed
in the New World during human
times before 1682.
Only
one fossil species is documented from the New World,
Apis
nearctica
, known from a single 14-million-year old specimen from NevadaSlide3
Native Americans called the European honey bees “A white mans flies.”
Honey bees did not naturally cross the Rocky Mountains; they were transported by the Mormon
pioneers
to Utah in the late 1840s, and by ship to California in the early
1850s.Slide4
A
colony generally contains one
queen bee
, a fertile female;
seasonally
up to a few thousand drone
bees (males);
and
a large
population
of sterile female
worker bees
.Slide5
The
queen actually can choose to fertilize the egg she is laying, usually depending on into which cell she is laying
.
Drones
develop from
unfertilized
eggs
while
females (queens and worker bees) develop from
fertilized eggs.Slide6
Larvae are initially fed with royal jelly produced by worker bees, later switching to honey and pollen. The exception is a larva fed solely on royal jelly, which will develop into a queen bee
.
It takes 16 days from egg to a full adult size queen.
A productive life of a queen could be 3 years or less.Slide7
A
queen bee: a
colored
dot, in this case yellow, is added to assist the beekeeper in identifying the queen.Slide8
Female worker bees develop from egg to adult in 21 days.
Young worker bees clean the hive and feed the
larvae.
As workers age they begin building comb and receiving
nectar and pollen from foragers, and guarding the
hive.Slide9
Later
a worker takes her first orientation flights and finally leaves the hive and typically spends the remainder of her life as a forager
.
Life of a worker bee could be as long as 6 months in winter or 45 days in summer.
Worker bees cooperate to find food and use a pattern of "
dancing“ known
as the bee dance or waggle
dance.Slide10
Drones take 24 days to develop and may be produced from summer through autumn. Drones have large eyes used to locate queens during mating flights. Drones do not have a
stinger.
Drones are expendable.Slide11
All honey bees live in colonies where the workers sting intruders as a form of defense, and alarmed bees release a pheromone that stimulates the attack response in other
bees.
The worker dies after the sting becomes lodged and is subsequently torn loose from the bee's abdomen.Slide12
In 1911, a bee culturist estimated a quart of honey represented bees flying over an estimated 48,000 miles to gather the nectar needed to produce the honey
.
Worker bees of a certain age will secrete beeswax from a series of glands on their abdomens. They use the wax to form the walls and caps of the comb. As with honey, beeswax is gathered by humans for various purposes.Slide13
Bees collect pollen in the pollen basket and carry it back to the hive. In the hive, pollen is used as a protein source necessary during
brood-rearing.Slide14
Propolis
or bee glue is created from resins, balsams, and tree
saps.
Propolis
is consumed by humans as a health supplement in various ways and also used in some cosmetics
.
Burts
BeesSlide15
The largest managed pollination event in the world
is California almond orchards.
New
York's apple crop requires about 30,000 hives; Maine's blueberry crop uses about 50,000 hives each year
.
Loss of the honey bee would mean that 1/3 of our food source would be perish.Slide16
In some instances growers’ demand for beehives far exceeds the available supply. The number of managed beehives in the US has steadily declined from close to 6 million after WWII, to less than 2.5 million today.Slide17
Top 10 honey producing U.S. states in
2011
North Dakota
California
South Dakota
Montana
Florida
Minnesota
Texas
Wisconsin
Idaho
Louisiana Slide18
In the year 2000, U.S. Department of Agriculture data reported an average per-colony of about 84 pounds
.
Bulk honey sells for $3 or more per pound.
Specialty bottled honey sells for more than $8 per pound.Slide19
Parts of a bee hiveSlide20
Frames and foundationSlide21
Bee smokerSlide22
Purchasing honey beesSlide23
Nuc of beesSlide24
swarmsSlide25
Beekeeper