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MOHAWK - PPT Presentation

CATALYTIC CONVERTER Introduction M illions of cars on the road are a source of air pollution T he amount of pollution that all the cars produce together can create big problems G overnment ID: 586637

catalytic carbon hydrocarbons converter carbon catalytic converter hydrocarbons cars emissions catalyst monoxide dioxide exhaust nitrogen oxidation pollution combustion engine

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Slide1

MOHAWK®

CATALYTIC

CONVERTERSlide2

IntroductionM

illions

of cars on the road are a source of air pollution.

T

he

amount of pollution that all the cars produce together can create big problems.

G

overnment

create clean-air laws that restrict the amount of pollution that cars can produce to solve it.

A

utomakers

have made many improvement to car engines and fuel systems to keep up with these laws.

I

n

1975 an interesting device called a

catalytic converter

was created.

C

atalytic

converter is to convert harmful pollutants into less harmful emissions before they ever leave the car's exhaust system.Slide3

The exhaust from the combustion in a cars engine is comprised of six main ingredients. Nitrogen gas, carbon dioxide, and water vapor are three of the main emissions. These gases

do not cause damage

to the atmosphere.

Carbon Monoxide, other hydrocarbons, and Nitrogen Oxides

result in a majority of

the pollution caused by cars

.

Carbon Monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas that can kill you if too much is inhaled.

Hydrocarbons come out of an engine's exhaust from unburned fuel. These hydrocarbons can be broken down by the sun, creating ground level ozone, also known as smog.

Nitrogen oxides can cause acid rain.

Catalytic converters are designed to reduce these last three emissions.Slide4

What is Catalytic ConverterA device installed on vehicle that used to reduce the toxicity of emissions from an internal combustion engine.

M

ost

commonly used in motor vehicle exhaust systems and other engine-equipped machines.

P

rovides

an environment for a chemical reaction wherein toxic combustion by-products are converted to less-toxic substances.

a)Location of catalytic converterSlide5

ConstructionThe catalytic converter consists of several components:

The core is often a ceramic/stainless steel foil honeycomb.

- increases the amount of surface area

-support the catalyst. Also called a "catalyst support“.

b) Ceramic honeycomb

c) Stainless steel honeycombSlide6

A wash coat is used to make converters more efficient because a mixture of silica and alumina. -will forms a rough and irregular surface. -more surface area. - therefore more places for active precious metal sites.

- The catalyst is added to the wash coat before applied it to the core.

Platinum is the most active catalyst and is widely used.

Other

material such as Palladium and

rhodium also been

used.Slide7

d) Catalytic Converter diagramSlide8

Types

Three-ways

Reduction of nitrogen oxides to nitrogen and oxygen:

2NOx → xO2 + N2

Oxidation of carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide:

2CO + O2 → 2CO2

Oxidation of unburnt

hydrocarbons (HC) to carbon dioxide and water: CxH2x+2 + 2xO2 → xCO2 + 2xH2O

Two-ways

Only treat carbon monoxide and

unburnt

hydrocarbon.Slide9

Oxidation Catalysts -Oxidation catalysts may be fitted to either petrol or diesel cars. -The catalyst oxidises

is effective at pollutants formed by incomplete combustion to carbon dioxide and water, and also for hydrocarbons,

aldehydes

and carbon monoxide. However, they do not reduce

NOx

emissions.Slide10

Negative aspects

Restriction to the flow of exhaust will cause negatively affected vehicle performance, and fuel economy.

Although catalytic converters are effective at removing hydrocarbons but most of the release gas through it is carbon dioxide (CO

2

).

Theft

- external location -valuable metal (platinum, palladium, and rhodium)Slide11

ConclusionT

he

catalytic converter is a great thing to have on a car because of its ability to help save the environment from those harmful

gasesSlide12

THANK YOU