Influence of the Occasion Specific speeches for specific occasions Constraints created by occasions Constraints not absolute The Rhetorical Situation A public speech occurs in response to a specific situation ID: 353506
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Slide1
Occasions for Public SpeakingSlide2
Influence of the Occasion
Specific speeches for specific occasions
Constraints created by occasionsConstraints not absoluteSlide3
The Rhetorical
Situation
A public speech occurs in response to a specific situation
A
situation
is a particular context in which a speech takes placeRhetoric is the study of how messages affect peopleThe Rhetorical SituationA situation in which people’s understanding can be changed through messagesSlide4
The Audience
Speeches are presented to specific audiences. The reactions of audience members help to create/define the rhetorical situation.
Most speakers attempt to achieve
identification
with the audience.
Sometimes, a speaker may deliberately avoid identification with an audience to prove a point.It is important for a speaker to know his/her audience prior to delivering a speech, as well as to gauge feedback during.Slide5
The Occasion
The occasion will often dictate what type of speech is delivered
Some speeches are ceremonial
, while others are
deliberative
.Audience’s expectations about appropriate behaviorThe occasion provides a speaker with exigenceSlide6
The Speaker
The same speech delivered by different speakers will have drastically different effects
Image, role, credibility (ethos
), experience, talent, etc.
3 most general purposes of speeches:
InformingPersuadingEntertainingWhat is a good speech?Slide7
Constraints & Opportunities
Speakers face certain constraints when speaking, but also have opportunities to redefine rhetorical situations.Slide8
Case StudySlide9
Decorum
“A
decorous speech is one that conforms to the expectations of a particular occasion.”FormalityLength
IntensitySlide10
Decorum
Supporting material
IdentificationIdentify your purposeSlide11
Deliberative Speaking
Prevalent with any formal or informal decision-making group – “What shall we do?”
Answer not self evident, but a decision is requiredInvolves informing and persuadingSlide12
Deliberative Speaking
Community Service
Oral reports & presentationsGroup presentations
Public hearings & debatesSlide13
Ceremonial Speaking
Also known as epideictic speaking
Focus on values and bringing people togetherImpact of resonance
Articulating unexpressed feelingsSlide14
Ceremonial Speaking
Speeches of greeting
IntroductionsSpeeches of tributeTestimonials, eulogies, toasts, roastsSpeeches marking awards
Presentation, acceptanceSlide15
Case StudySlide16
Deliberative/Ceremonial
Keynote
After-dinnerCommencement