The Bony Fish Class Osteichthyes Characterized by having Bone in their skeleton An operculum covering the gill openings A swimbladder or lungs True scales Paired fins Homocercal tail Exception lungfish diphycercal ID: 590869
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Osteichthyes
The Bony FishSlide2
Class Osteichthyes
Characterized by having:
Bone in their skeleton
An operculum covering the gill openings
A swimbladder or lungs
True scales
Paired fins
Homocercal tail (Exception lungfish – diphycercal)
Mouth terminal
Two chambered heart
Sexes separate (Sex reversal in some)
Fertilization external for most
Excrete ammoniaSlide3
Class Osteichthyes
The bony fishes are the most diverse class of fish. ~24,000 species
Osteichthyes are divided into two subclasses
The lobe-finned fish (Sarcopterygians)
The ray-finned fish (Actinopterygians).
*Most modern fish are members of the ray-finned, Teleost subdivision.Slide4Slide5Slide6
Sarcopterygians
Sarcopterygians
are the fish most closely related to modern amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals
This subclass includes the lungfish and coelacanth. Coelacanth were thought to have become extinct at about the same time as the dinosaurs, until a live specimen was found in 1938 Slide7
Sarcopterygians
Characteristics:
Muscular lobe associated with fins
Have lungs for gas exchange
Live in areas with seasonal droughts
Can breathe air if water stagnates
Cannot withstand desiccation
Burrow in the mud
Have enamel on the teethSlide8
Sarcopterygians
Can survive drought by remaining in aestivation for 6 months or more
Aestivation = dormant state
After rain fills the lake or riverbed Lungfish emerge from their burrows to feed & reproduceSlide9Slide10
Lungfish - Found in Australia & MadagascarSlide11
Lungfish scalesCosmoid scalesSlide12
Lungfish CirculationSlide13
Coelacanth
Slide14
Actinopterygians
Ray-finned fish (Fins lack muscular lobes)
Have swimbldders to regulate buoyancy
~23,900 speciesSlide15
Chondrosteans (Fresh water fish)
Include stergeons and paddlefish
Stergeon eggs make caviarSlide16
Caviar = Sturgeon eggsSlide17
PaddlefishSlide18
Subdivisions of Teleostei
Superorder Ostariophysi
Order Cypriniformes (minnows, carps)
Order Siluriformes (catfish)
Superorder Protacanthopterygii
Order Esociformes (pikes)
Order Osmeriformes (smelts)
Order Salmoniformes (salmon, trout, whitefish)
Superorder Paracanthopterygii
Order Gadiformes (cod, hakes, pollock)
Superorder Acanthopterygii
Order Percoidei (perches, snook, basses)
Order Pleuronectiformes (flounders, soles)
Order Perciformes (mackerel, tuna, swordfish)Slide19
Actinopterygians The Teleosts
Teleosts are modern day ray-finned fish
Use their fins and body wall to push against water for locomotion
Some secrete mucus to reduce friction
Most teleosts are carnivores swallowing prey whole
Herring & paddlefish are filter feeders
Teleosts have pyloric ceca (outpockets in the small intestine to increase absorption)Slide20
Ganoid Fish Scales
Found on non-teleost bony fishes
Usually diamond shaped bony scales
“Heavy armor”Slide21
Cycloid Fish scalesFound on teleost fishes
Light, thin, & flexibleSlide22
Ctenoid Fish ScalesTeleost fishes
Have comblike ridges along the exposed edge to reduce friction (drag)Slide23
MyomeresSlide24Slide25
Swimming mechanicsThrust- force in animal's direction
Lift- force opposite in right angles to the thrust
Drag- force opposite the direction of movement Slide26
Swimming mechanics Yaw – side to side movement of head
Pitch – up and down movement of headSlide27Slide28Slide29Slide30Slide31Slide32Slide33Slide34Slide35Slide36