Presentation on theme: "Suicidality Tajuana Williams & Emily Thomas Johnson"— Presentation transcript
Slide1
Suicidality
Tajuana
Williams & Emily Thomas Johnson
Slide2
Rates/Statistics
USA (all ages)
38364 suicides in 2010
105.1 per day
1.6% of all deaths
Breakdown by groups
22.6% Caucasian Males, 5.9% Caucasian Females, 9.4% Nonwhite Males (8.7% AA Males), 2.5% Nonwhite Females (1.8% AA Females)
1 person every 13.7 minutes killed themselves
1 young person every 1 hour, 48 minutes killed themselves
3
rd
leading cause of death for young persons (10 – 24 years)
959, 100 annual attempts in US
1 attempt every 32 seconds
3 female attempts for every 1 male attempt
Each suicide intimately affects at least 6 other people
Slide3
Rates/Statistics
Suicide Methods in USA
50.5% Firearm Suicides
24.7% Suffocation/Hanging
1.8% Cut/Pierce
17.2% Poisoning
1.1% Drowning
Mississippi
In 2010, Mississippi ranked 30
th
in comparison to other states (388 reported deaths by suicide)
Suicide rate: 21.4% male, 5.2 % female
Slide4
Rates/Statistics – Mississippi Only
MMWR Surveillance Summary 2012
During 12 months prior to survey,
25.5% of students had felt sad or hopeless almost every day for 2 or more weeks in a row
34.0% females, 16.7% males
15.2% had seriously considered suicide
12.3% had made a plan about how they would attempt
8.5% had attempted suicide 1+ times
3.1% had a suicide attempt treated by a doctor or nurse
Slide5
Rates/Statistics
Attempts v. Completions
Attempts to Completions in Youth = 200:1
Attempts to Completions in Elderly = 4:1
Gender Factors
Males 4x more likely to complete
Females more likely to attempt
Est. 3 female attempts to each male attempt
In the 10 – 24 age group, 81% of suicidal deaths were male, 19% of suicidal deaths were female
Slide6
Rates/Statistics
LGBT Youth
In 1999, research found that LGBT youth and HS students unsure of their sexual orientation were 3.4 times more likely to have attempted suicide in the last 12 months than heterosexual peers
In 2006, LGB HS Students 2x as likely to have attempted
Among students who attempted, LGB teenagers were 2x more likely to report that they had really hoped they would die
Adoption
Adopted teens 4x more likely to have attempted suicide
8% of adopted females, and 5% of adopted males have attempted
Slide7
Risk/Statistics
Racial Breakdown
Among 13 – 24 year olds, in 2009 -
22.11 per 100, 000 American Indian/Alaska Native
9.47 per 100, 000 White
6.32 per 100, 000 Asian/Pacific Islander
6.46 per 100, 000 Hispanic
5.74 per 100, 000 Black
Native American/Alaskan Native youth have the highest suicidal-related fatalities
Hispanic students more likely to report attempting suicide than their black and white, non-Hispanic peers
Slide8
Risk Factors
Mental Illness
90% of suicides associated with mental disorders or addictive disorders
Depression and other affective disorders
Conduct disorders
Substance abuse
Family stress/dysfunction
Environmental factors – includes handgun in home
Situational crises
Breakup with significant other
Traumatic death of significant other
(such as suicide)
Parental divorce
Physical and/or sexual abuse
Incarceration
Family Violence
Slide9
Facts for Schools
Many high school students reported that they had seriously considered suicide in the past year (CDC, 2010a).
Suicide is the third leading cause of death among teenagers (CDC, 2009)
One out of every 53 high school students (1.9%) reported having made a suicide attempt that was serious enough to be treated by a doctor or a nurse (CDC, 2010a).
The toll among some groups higher. For example, the suicide rate among 15-19 year old American Indian/Alaska Native males is 2 ½ times higher than the overall rate for males in that age group (
Hernon
, 2007).
Slide10
Responding to a Student Crisis
What constitutes a Crisis?
When peer, teacher, other staff member identifies a student as potentially suicidal
A student may make a statement about suicide in writing assignments, in a drawing or indirect verbal expression, or overtly voice suicide threats or behaviors
Slide11
Suicide
Suicide Is A Complexity
Suicide is the result of an untimely convergence of multiple psychiatric, psychological, social, environmental, occupational, cultural, medical, academic stressors that severely challenges an individual’s capacity to cope.
Edwin
Schneidman
, 1954
Slide12
Defining Terms: Suicidal Ideation
Passive thoughts about wanting to be dead or active thoughts about killing oneself
Not accompany by preparatory behavior
Slide13
Risk Factors for Youth Suicide
Behavioral Health Issues/Disorders
Depressive Disorders
Substance abuse or dependence (alcohol &other drugs)
Conduct/disruptive behavior disorders
Other D/O (Anxiety, and Personality D/O)
Previous suicide attempts
Self-Injury (without intent to die)
Genetic/biological vulnerability
Slide14
Suicide Awareness Curriculum
Gatekeeper Training
Refers to training school faculty and staff about how to recognize a student potentially at-risk for suicide
How to appropriately intervene and communicate with a student potentially at risk for suicide
How to determine the level of risk
How to refer a student who is potentially suicidal
Research suggest that gatekeeper training can produce positive effects on an educator’s knowledge, attitude, and referral practices
Slide15
Personal Characteristics
Hopelessness
Low self-esteem
Loneliness
Social alienation and isolation, lack of belonging
Low stress and frustration tolerance
Impulsivity
Risk taking, recklessness
Slide16
Suicide Warning Signs
Suicide Note
Threats
Previous Attempts
Depression
“Masked” Depression
Final arrangements
Efforts to hurt oneself
Inability to concentrate or think clearly
Changes in physical habits and appearance
Slide17
Suicidal Warning Signs Con’t
Sudden changes in personality, friends, behaviors
Death and suicidal themes
Plan/method/access
Slide18
Prevention and Response
Prevention programming
Peers, Parents, Staff education
How to recognize
Establishing ways to report
Protocol setup
Responding
Assessment/Risk Definitions
In Crisis
To peers/families after
To community/media after
To student that does not complete
Slide19
Student Suicides and Counselor Liability/Risk Management
School officials are required to provide a degree of protection and attention to all students
Therefore, careful scrutinizing of policies occurs following suicides
Lengths to which a school system must go will depend on jurisdiction’s precedents and statutes
Liability concerns
Negligence
Duty of care/
Forseeability
Bogust
v. Iverson (1960)
Eisel
v. Board of Education Montgomery County (1991)
Brooks v. Logan (1995)
Slide20
Student Suicides and Counselor Liability/Risk Management
Liability concerns
Negligence
Breach of Duty
Causation
Damages
Wyke
v. Polk County School Board
Due Process
Constitutional Clause
Mississippi
State Bill 2770
Risk Management
