Marc h 25 2014 N atural and Artificial Selection A daptation Tuesday Marc h 25 2014 A daptation is the ev olutiona r y process whereby ID: 724620
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Slide1
A
daptation
Tuesday
, March 25, 2014
N
atural
and Artificial
SelectionSlide2
A
daptation
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
,
2014
A
daptation
is
the
ev
olutiona
r
y
process
whereby
a
population
becomes
better
suited
to
its
environment
(where
it
li
v
es).
This
process
ta
k
es
place
o
v
er
ma
n
y
g
enerations,
and
ta
k
es
time
to
happen.Slide3
Be
a
ver
H
ow
is
this
animal
adapted
to
fit
i
t
’s environment?
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
,
2014Slide4
Be
aver
Due to
a unique respiratory system, the beaver
can
remain underwater for up to 20-minutes at a time.
The
tail
of the beaver is unusually
broad
and
covered in scales
.
Can
use
it
like a rudder
and as a communication tool.
Nostrils and ears that can close while under water.
Flaps of skin behind incisors to prevent drowning.
They have
specialized teeth
that are extra sharp. Beavers exist on a diet of
bark, twigs and buds of trees.
Tuesday
,
March 25, 2014Slide5
W
oodpec
k
er
H
ow
is
this
animal
adapted
to
fit
i
t’s environment?
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25, 2014Slide6
W
oodpecker
A
strong, pointed beak acts as both a chisel and a crowbar to remove bark and find hiding insects.
Barbed or brush-like tongue
to extract insects or sap.
Zygodactyl feet
, two toes forward and two toes backward.
Skull adapted to absorb shock
of pecking on wood. Woodpeckers tap an estimated 8,000 – 12,0000 times/day.
Nose/nostril feathers
to prevent inhalation of wood particles.
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
, 2014Slide7
C
amel
H
ow
is
this
animal
adapted
to
fit
i
t
’
s environment?
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25, 2014Slide8
C
amel
The camel‘s
mouth adapted to eat desert plants. It has no teeth on its front upper jaw
, which
is a hard pad. It has teeth on its lower jaw and teeth
in the back of its
upper and lower jaws.
A
camel’s
fat filled
hump
can store up to 20 L of water, and
it
can go up to three days without water.
Eyelashes (2 rows)/slit-like nostrils
to keep out sand.
Large, flat feet to spread their weight on the sand.Thick fur on the top
and thin fur everywhere else.
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25,
2014Slide9
A
daptations
H
a
ving
ce
rtain
colors
can
help
an
o
rganism
blend in
with
their
su
rroundings
.Cer
tain org
ans
help
o
r
g
anisms
survi
v
e
in
their
environments
(ex.
bird’s
holl
o
w
bones,
camel’s
hu
m
p)
.
Mimi
c
king
other
animals
(li
k
e
having yellow and black stripes) only works if the other animals in the environment are familiar with that predator.
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
,
2014Slide10
N
atural Selection
Natural selection is the process in nature by which only the organisms that are best adapted to their environment tend to survive and reproduce
.
This passes on their inherited traits to the next generation. Individuals that are not well adapted to their environment tend to die before reproducing.
Therefore the traits that helped the organism survive get passed on to their offspring
.
Natural selection is the
tool
by which animals are able to adapt.
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
,
2014Slide11
Su
rvival of the
Fittest
Millions of years of natural selection have led to a range of canines adapted for survival in many diverse habitats.
Today
35 species of wild canines
can be found from the tropics to the tundra.
Wild canines make their homes in a wide variety of habitats. From the hottest deserts to the icy arctic, each wild canine has been modified by natural selection so that it is well suited for survival.
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
,
2014Slide12
G
r
a
sslands
The
maned
wolf
is
w
ell
adapted
f
or lif
e in the
tall
g
rass
plains
of
South America.
Their stilt-like
legs
aren't
f
or
r
unning
–
it is
speedste
r
.
Instead,
long
legs
help
maned
wo
l
v
es
peer
o
v
er
tall
g
rasses
to
spot
each other and their prey.Tuesday, March 25, 2014Slide13
Dese
r
t
The
fennec fox
makes its home in the desert.
Pale fur reflects the sun's rays
, and
extends over the soles of its
paws
to protect against
hot
desert sands. When fennec foxes overheat,
its body
send
s
blood to their
large ears to rapidly
dump the excess body heat into the environment.
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
, 2014Slide14
Arctic
The
arctic fox
is the only year- round small canine resident of the
Arctic
.
Its fur goes from white in winter to brown-gray in summer.
For warmth
,
thick fur covers the soles of its feet and tiny ears to reduce heat loss when the temperature dips far below zero.
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
, 2014Slide15
A
rtificial Selection
A
r
tificial
selection
or
more
common
l
y
called
selecti
ve breeding is
a
result
of humans, rather than nature selecting for a certain
trait, causing changes in
a population.There are many examples of
artificial selection, including
the
f
ood
w
e
eat,
domesticated
animals,
our
pets
and
e
v
en
the
meats
w
e
eat.
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
,
2014Slide16
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
,
2014Slide17
Tuesday
,
March
25
,
2014Slide18
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
,
2014Slide19
M
a
n
’
s
Best
F
riend
Selective
breeding
or
ar
tifi
c
i
al selec
tion
has
crea
t
ed the many
differen
t dog breeds we are
familiar
wi
t
h
.
With
a
rt
i
f
icial
sele
ct
io
n
,
humans decide
which
dogs
survive
and breed
.
With
na
t
ural
sele
ct
io
n
,
only
t
hose
t
ha
t can meet nature's challenges are the ones that survive and breed.Tuesday, March 25, 2014Slide20
Downsides
to Selective Breeding
A
rtificial selection
essential
l
y
remo
v
es variation in a
population,
so selecti
v
e
l
y
bred organisms can be especially susceptible to diseases or changes in the environment that would not be a problem f
or a natural population.
Inbreedin
g – the
mating
of
close
ly related individuals – is also a problem. In dogs, this has resulted in
breeds that have health issues
ranging from decreased life span to crippling
lameness or painful
a
r
thritis.
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
,
2014Slide21
Downsides
Labrador
-
arthritis Doberman
– narcolepsy
Hairless Chinese Crested -
skin problems
Tuesday
,
Marc
h
25
,
2014Slide22Slide23
Darwin’s Finches