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RIEFEPORTSWorking memory and the attentional blinkBlink size is predicted by individual differences in operation spanORENZA CZATO MHIE M S Colzato colzatofswleidenunivnl OLZATO SPAP. 482 Psychonomic Bulletin Review 2004 11 3 482487 A L Austin observed in a letter written to Charles Darwin in 1877 that a composite of two faces was strik ingly attractive Mr Austin placed two different portraits in a stere 418 1 Introduction Many animals have at least two systems for produc ing instrumental behavior the habit system and the goal directed system Dickinson Balleine 2002 These multiple action and learning systems are the scope of modern learning theo 230 Many of the activities that take place in schools and colleges require that students attend to the classroom environment for sustained period In many of these environments it is common to catch our minds wan dering and to notice that instead of 550 Psychonomic Bulletin Review 2002 9 3 550557 In spontaneous conversation speakers appear to tailor their utterances to the needs of their addressees For ex ample adult speakers produce short simplified utterances with exaggerated prosodic c 270 Memory Cognition 2005 33 2 270279 One of the most persistent and galvanizing issues in memory research and theory has been the relative con tributions of encoding versus retrieval processes to re tention The issue is sharply drawn in the de Effective interaction with our visual environment requires that individual regions of interest within the visual field be selected for deeper processing. One way that people perform this selection is Modern research on concept representation and learn-ing has evolved from two traditions. One tradition con-word learning in particular (Lakoff, 1987; Saussure,1915/1959). Concepts are approximately eq Perception & Psychophysics Often, people cannot ignore irrelevant information whenthey classify a stimulus attribute. For example, whenpeople are asked to classify auditory tones according topitch, th Copyright 2007 Psychonomic Society, Inc. nglish Lexicon ProjectAVI D. . Balota, dbalota@artsci.wustl.edu ALOTAETAL tifying degraded stimuli, semantic verification), most work on isolated visual wo This research was supported by NSF Research Grant BNS 85-11685to R.N. Shepard, by ONR Grant N-00014-89-J-3186 to the author,Graduate Fellowship, and by ONR Grant N-00014-89-3013 to M.I.osner. The Cent Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience2002, 2 (3), 252-263 Emotional events tend to be remembered better thannonemotional events (Bradley, Greenwald, Petry, & Lang,1992; Christianson, 1992). Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience2004, 4 (1), 10-19 At any given moment, we are processing, retrieving, ormanipulating information in order to comprehend, rea-son, and problem solve. Our Memory & Cognition2002, 30 (3), 340-352 There has been considerable interest in the propositionthat people are essentialists about concepts and categories(Braisby, Franks, & Hampton, 1996; Coley & Luh People have detailed memories for circumstances sur-rounding their discovery of important national events,such as assassinations of public figures (see, e.g., Brown& Kulik, 1977; Christianson, 1989; C