Events and Ideas #4 - PowerPoint Presentation

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Events and Ideas #4Latin American Class System and Revolution

World HistoryUnit 2 Slide2

This Slideshow Contains…One Crash course videoOne short video with PPT notesSlide3

Essential Questions:How did the strict class system in Latin America lead to revolution?How did Latin America gain their independence

?Slide4

A rigid class system divided the people of Latin America

Copy this graphic on your notesSlide5

The Caste System of Colonial Americahttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UdxdXfDLaNs

Answer these question while watching this short video

Who was in the top caste?

Who was in the second class?

What percent Spanish were they?

Then came… what %

Who was in the lowest caste?Slide6

PeninsularSpanish and Portuguese officials who resided temporarily in Latin America

Born in Spain or Portugal (i.e. from the Iberian Peninsula which led to the name). Slide7

PeninsularThey were considered so much higher than other classes that many women went back to Spain or Portugal to give birth.

They held important jobs in the government, the army, and the Catholic Church, and usually did not live permanently in Latin America.

This system was intended to perpetuate the ties of the governing elite to the Spanish and Portuguese crowns. Slide8

CreolesDescendants of Europeans born in Latin America and lived there permanently

They had land & wealth but had no political power

Many creoles owned mines, ranches, or haciendas and were very wealthy.

They occasionally had government jobs, but they were not respected by the peninsular.Slide9

MestizosThe lack of European women in America led to intermarriage which resulted in a large mixed-race population

This population made up the next level of the social hierarchy - Mestizos Mestizos were the offspring of Europeans and Native Americans Slide10

MestizosMestizos were expected to be smarter and more able to help society than those of pure Indian ancestry.

Mestizos were above Indian, but below the Spanish.

Although most of these caste were based on color and origin, they were slightly affected by wealth and education. Slide11

MulattosMulattos were the offspring of Europeans & AfricansSlide12

AfricansAfrican slaves made up the second to the lowest of the social hierarchy

These were both slaves and freedmen They, along with Indians were used as workers for creoles plantationsSlide13

Native AmericansOne of the lowest classes of society. Over the years became mixed with the general population of mestizosSlide14

Analyze this graphicSlide15

Current Latin American Ethnic Statistics Mexico:

Mestizo 60%, Native Indian 30%, White 9%, other 1% Paraguay: Mestizo 95%, other 5%

Peru: Native Indian 45%, Mestizo 37%, White 15%, Black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%

Bolivia: Quechua 30%, Mestizo, 30%, Aymara 25%, White 15%

Who has the greatest Mestizo population? - Native Indian?Slide16

Think about this…Which social group will lead these Latin American Revolutions? Why?

Where do you think they get the idea to revolt and create democracies in the place of colonial rule? Slide17

Crash Course VideoComplete the worksheet that goes with this video:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZBw35Ze3bg8&t=619s Slide18

Throughout the Spanish colonies in South America, the creoles had wealth & education but could not participate in government

Creoles

embraced Enlightenment ideas like natural rights &

consent of the governed Slide19

Revolutions BeginCreoles, recalling Locke’s idea of the consent of the governed wanted power to shift to the people.

In 1810, the demand by creoles for political rights led to revolutions throughout South America

The drive toward independence had begun. Slide20

Simon Bolivar & Jose de San Martian Members of the creole eliteHailed as the “Liberators of South American”

Led revolutions in:VenezuelaColombiaEcuadorChile

Peru

Uruguay

Paraguay

ArgentinaSlide21

Simon BolivarSimón Bolívar was a

wealthy Venezuelan creole generalBolívar’s volunteer army of revolutionaries suffered numerous defeats and twice Bolívar had to go into exile.

Bolívar led over 2,000 soldiers on a daring march through the Andes into what is now Colombia.

Coming from this direction, he took the Spanish army in Bogotá completely by surprise and won a decisive victory.

By 1821, Bolívar had won Venezuela’s independence. Slide22

Jose de San MartianSan Martín’s Argentina

had declared its independence in 1816. Spanish forces in nearby Chile

and

Peru

still posed a threat.

In 1817, San Martín led an army on a grueling march across the Andes to Chile and freed Chile.

In 1821, San Martín planned to drive the remaining Spanish forces out of Lima, Peru. But to do so, he needed a much larger force.

San Martín and Bolívar

met and discussed this problem

San Martín left his army for Bolívar to command.

With unified revolutionary forces, Bolívar’s army went on to defeat the Spanish

In this last major battle of the war for independence, the Spanish colonies in Latin America won their freedomSlide23
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Miguel HidalgoParish priest in MexicoStudied the French Revolution

Roused the local Native Americans and mestizos to free themselves from the Spanish (Sept. 16th

1810)

Rebellion was crushed and Hidalgo was executed

1821 Mexico achieves independence from SpainSlide25
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Latin America countries and the dates they gained independenceSlide27

Explain the caste system of Latin AmericaSlide28

Answer the Essential Question:(minimum of 5 sentences)

How did the strict class system in Latin America lead to revolution?

How did Latin America gain their independence

?