Presentations text content in How did democracy develop in Athens?
Slide1
How did democracy develop in Athens?
508 BCE
Kleisthenes
established the first
democratic government in Athens
He diminished the influential families by dividing the citizenry into
demes
and
tribes
Citizens were selected by their demes to serve on juries, engaging in this first
direct democracy
Democracy threatened by the Persians under Darius and his son Xerxes
Darius “king of the Earth” invaded Greece but was routed by Miltiades at Marathon
At the battle of Salamis, the Greeks routed the much larger Persian contingent of 800 ships
Slide2Darius and Xerxes Receiving Tribute, detail of a relief, Persepolis, Iran.
Darius’ subjects bring gifts -23 subject nations in all –each culture is recognizable by its beards and costumes.
Slide3Golden Age
After the battle of Salamis, Pericles urged Athenians to rebuild the city in honor of
Athena
who saved the city
Pericles
- dominant figure in Athenian democracy
Principles of freedom and civic responsibility
Individuals are free under the law and distinguish themselves by their service to the
community
Slide4The Partheon
In the clarity of its parts, the harmony among them, it represents the epitome of classical architecture
It appears symmetrical though it is built without any straight verticals or horizontals, adjusting for the distortions of the spectator’s gaze. By using
entasis
, it appears symmetrical.
It commemorates the warrior maiden goddess Athena.
Slide5Kritios
Boy,
kouros
, Acropolis, Athens, 480 BCE.
The emphasis is on naturalistic explanation over divine explanation.
Contrapposto
(counterpoised position)
Slide6Doryphoros
, or Spear Bearer
Contrapposto
pose
The weight falls on the forward right leg.
Slide7Riace
Warrior A, found in the sea off
Riace
, Italy, perhaps the work of P
hidias
, 450 BCE.
It might represent Miltiades
Slide8Lapith Overcoming a Centaur, south
metope
27,
Partheon
It represents the clash between the forces of civilization – the Greeks – and their barbarian opponents.
Slide9The Philosophical Tradition in Athens
Pre-Socratic
: What is the nature of reality?
Sophists: itinerate teachers who claimed to teach
arete
“Man is the measure”
Socrates
opposed relativism and skepticism
Developed the dialectical method
Plato’s Republic
– delineates the futures of a perfectly just society
Society will be governed by
philosopher rulers
who are actuated by a
love of the good
and not money or honor
Plato
– idealist who sees an unchanging world of perfect forms as providing the exemplars for their terrestrial manifestations
Aristotle
– the essence of things can be abstracted from the material objects which are perceivable through empirical study
Slide10Alexander the Great, 4th
c. BCE.
Aristotle’s pupil Alexander the Great unified Greece after the Peloponnesian Wars, and went on to conquer Persia, Egypt, Babylon, reaching as far as India.
Cross-fertilization of eastern and western cultures
Slide11Alexander’s empire as of his death in 323 BCE and the route of his conquests.
He founded over 70 cities throughout his empire, naming many after himself
Slide12Praxiteles, Aphrodite of
Knidos
, 350 BCE.
The sculpture is a frank celebration of the body – reflecting in the female form the humanistic appreciation for the dignity of the human body.
Slide13Slide14The Theater of the People
Three types of drama:
Satyr plays, farce
Comedy
Tragedy
Drama developed from festivals in honor of the god of Dionysus, the god of wine
The theme of tragedies is death, and tragedies were tied to Dionysus’ function as the god of death and rebirth
Aeschylus
Sophocles
Euripides
Slide15
How did democracy develop in Athens?
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