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blogspotcom wwwducksterscom academicbrooklyncunyedu wwwgcsesciencecom httpwwwchemshefacukchm1312003cha03ltpmetallichtml. and . Electronegativity. Presented by . Leticia Bonita Prince. Newcastle University 4. th. Year . MChem. Student. Aims of Today. Increase your understanding of bonding and electronegativity. Increase your spatial skills and awareness using software designed by the CCDC. Introduction to Chemical Bonding. Introduction to Chemical Bonding. Objectives:. Define . chemical bond.. Explain why most atoms form chemical bonds.. Describe ionic and covalent bonding.. Explain why most chemical bonding is neither purely covalent nor purely ionic.. Co = Together. The Octet Rule. The octet rule says that all atoms want to have eight valence electrons, like the noble gases.. One way that atoms can follow the octet rule is by giving and taking electrons… ionic bonding. Aqueous solutions of Sodium Hydroxide and Copper (II) Chloride combine to form an aqueous solution of . sodium. . chloride and . solid blue Copper Hydroxide . Write a skeleton equation. Balance the equation.. Putting electrical energy in to force the . nonspontaneous. change. electrolysis. Opposite process to electrochemical (voltaic) cells. Electrical energy is put into the reaction. The . nonspontaneous. Valence Electrons and Bonding. The number of valence electrons (electrons in the outermost energy level) in an atom of an element determines many properties of that element, including the ways in which the atom can bond with other atoms.. Very Important!. Going down the periodic table the properties are affected by INCREASING SIZE and INCREASING DISTANCE between the nuclei and the valence . e-s. Going across a period, properties are affected by the DIFFERING VALENCE, NUCLEAR CHARGE and CHARGE ON THE SPECIES. Na. +. Al. 3+. S. 2–. 2Ca. 2+. PO. 4. 3–. 3Cl. –. Review: forming ions. Ionic (i.e. salt) refers to +ve ion plus -ve ion. Usually this is a metal + non-metal or metal + polyatomic ion (e.g. NaCl, NaClO. Bonding Discussion. Bonding. . Ionic. . Covalent. . Metallic. Determined by difference in Electronegativity between atoms.. Ionic . Compounds. Crystalline . solids (made of ions) . High melting and boiling points . 4.4.1: Describe the metallic bond as the electrostatic attraction between a lattice of positive ions and delocalized ions. . 4.4.2. : Explain the electrical conductivity and malleability of metals. . SNC2D – Academic Science. Learning Goals. Use . Lewis dot diagrams to illustrate how a compound forms between a metal and a . non-metal.. Ions are formed when electrons are gained or lost. Where do electrons that are lost go?. Students know . atoms combine to form molecules by sharing electrons to form covalent or metallic bonds or . by exchanging electrons to form ionic bonds. . . . Students know . salt crystals, such as . Michael. Tian. Koya. Ionic Bonding. Definition: . The complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms. It’s a type of chemical bond that creates two oppositely charged ions. Typically an ionic bond happens between a metal and a non-metal, where the metal loses electrons to the non-metal, resulting in a cation and a anion.. Ionic bonds form a . giant lattice structure. Sodium chloride is an ionic compound formed by the reaction between the metal sodium and the non-metal chlorine.. During the reaction, one electron is transferred from each sodium atom to each chlorine atom..