Ten Days That Shook the World is also the name of a Soviet silent film Classic premiered in 1928 by Sergei Eisenstein and Grigori Aleksandrov It is sometimes referred to simply as ID: 243176
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Slide1
October
: Ten Days That Shook the World
is also the name of a
Soviet silent film Classic premiered in 1928 by Sergei Eisenstein and
Grigori
Aleksandrov
. It is
sometimes referred to simply as
October
in English.
It is a celebratory dramatization of the 1917 October Revolution. The title is taken from the American journalist John Reed's book (
Ten Days that Shook the World
)
on the October Revolution, which Reed experienced firsthand
.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EuKK1SfolngSlide2
THE RUSSIAN REVOLUTION
AOS2 CREATING A NEW SOCIETY
Establishing the dictatorship of BolsheviksPART 1: The Sovnarkom and the ChekaSlide3
Learning intention: Understand how the Bolshevik’s established a
dictatorishipExplain what the
Sovnarkon was and the role it played in establishing a Bolshevik dictatorshipIdentify how the Cheka contributed to the establishment on a Bolshevik dictatorshipSlide4
Problems facing the new Government
Despite the October coup and consequent ten days of seizing power, the Bolsheviks were faced with various problems:The ongoing war
Economic problemsA diverse population of Soviet representativesNot holding general popular supportThe promise of a Constituent AssemblySlide5
Establishing control
October 24
th: Petrograd TakeoverGenerally straight forward Bolshevik takeover (disguised as Soviet takeover)
October 25
th: Support of Second Congress of SovietsLenin and Trotsky convinced members it was a Soviet coup (not a Bolshevik coup), though many were sceptical. The power of the Soviets was considerable, so Lenin and
Trotksy
had to be cautious
October 31
st
:
‘Soviet’ seizure of Moscow.
After several violent days of artillery and street fighting, Soviets had a
tenuous
control over MoscowSlide6
Sovnarkom
: Dismantling the Old RegimeAnnounced at the Congress of Soviets (25 October 1917):
Bolsheviks referred to themselves as ‘Government of People’s Commissars’Ministers became ‘People’s commissars’Cabinet became ‘Sovnarkom’Sovnarkom
were 15 powerful Bolshevik leaders in control of specific departments (e.g: Lenin as Chairman, Trotsky as Commissar of
Foreign Affairs)
Sovnarkom
Council in sessionSlide7
Sovnarkom
: Dismantling the Old RegimeSovnarkom
was intended to represent Soviets but became purely Bolshevik. This angered other revolutionary parties seeking to establish a socialist coalitionLenin established three executive bodies:Sovnarkom
POLITBURO:Policy making arm of the Communist Party
ORGBURO:Organisational arm of the Communist Party
SECRETARIAT:
Appointed people to implement decisions of the Communist PartySlide8
The
Cheka‘All Russian Extraordinary Commission to Fight Counter-Revolution, Sabotage and Speculation’
As you read this paragraph on page 150-1, underline key information that could be used to answer the following questions:
Describe the purpose of the Cheka
. Outline its growth between December 1917 and 1921.Using your own knowledge, explain why Malone argues that the Cheka was ‘[p]
erhaps
the greatest weapon introduced by the Bolsheviks to establish political control’.Slide9
Some facts on the
Cheka‘All Russian Extraordinary Commission to Fight Counter-Revolution, Sabotage and Speculation’
15 man team established in December 1917Initially a temporary administrative body to carry out investigations, they became a form of security policeQuickly assumed power to arrest, and were assigned armed units in January 1918
By February it was given powers of conducting trials and execution, and sought out agents of enemy spies, counter-revolutionary agitators, organisers of revolts against the Revolution, and those selling weapons to counter-revolutionaries
100,000 men by 1921‘It was necessary to make the foe feel that there was everywhere about him a seeing eye and a heavy hand ready to come down on him the moment he undertook anything against the Soviet Government’Dzerzhinsky, Head of
Cheka
, December 1917Slide10
Summary
Despite consolidating power during and after the October Revolution, the
Bolsehvik’s hold on power was tenuousSovnarkom replaced the old regime’s political system and gave Bolsheviks that most power in the SovietsThe Cheka was established as Lenin’s political police and was used to prevent counter-revolution