Why has the fertility rate changed over time Better healthcare and nutrition Fewer children die because of childhood diseases Dont need children to help work on family farmsbusinesses People with more resources tend to have fewer children ID: 449742
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Slide1
Pregnancy and ChildbirthSlide2Slide3
Why has the fertility rate changed over time?
Better healthcare and nutrition. Fewer children die because of childhood diseases.
Don’t need children to help work on family farms/businesses.
People with more resources tend to have fewer childrenSlide4
Infant and Maternal Mortality
Infant Mortality
:
# of babies that die at birth for every 1000 births
4.3 in Quebec 2011
Maternal Mortality
:
# of mothers that die during childbirth for every 100,000 deliveries
7.8 in Canada in 2009-10Slide5
Zygote, Embryo or Fetus???Timeline
Name at this stage of development
When fertilization occurs
Zygote
Weeks 0-8
Embryo
Weeks 9-40+
FetusSlide6
Embryo: weeks 0-8 First trimester begins with zygote, then embryo,
and finally fetus (week 9).
Brain, heart, limbs, eyes
and spinal column begin
to form.Slide7
Amniotic Sac Surrounds developing embryo, contains amniotic fluid which protects the embryo from shockPlacenta
Organ that grows attached to the wall of the
uterus; attached to baby by the umbilical cord
Umbilical cord
A flexible cord containing blood vessels that carry nutrients from mother to the baby, and waste from the baby to the motherSlide8
Fetus: weeks 9-40+
Pregnancy is divided into three “trimesters”, each being about 13 weeks long.
The baby is called a fetus from the middle of the 1st semester through the end of the 3rd.Slide9
People who assist with ChildbirthObstetrician-Gynecologist (doctor)
Family Practitioner (doctor)
Nurse-midwife
Doula **
Family members/friends **Slide10
Methods of ChildbirthThe three main methods:
Natural childbirth
- vaginal delivery, no pain medication
Medicated birth
options - vaginal delivery but use medical pain control methods
C-sectionSlide11
Methods of Childbirth (cont’d)Other methods:
Water birth
Hypnobirthing
Use of reflexology, meditation, chiropractic care, accupuncture to control pain or prepare for birthSlide12Slide13
Choice of Locations for Delivery
Hospital
Birthing Center
HomeSlide14
A. HospitalLocations for Delivery
Reasons for choosing a hospital:
Care given by specially trained doctors and nurses.
Access to emergency medical interventions, including surgery
Access to pain relief: IV, injections, gas, epidural, etc.Slide15
Hospital Birthing RoomSlide16
Things to consider:Little privacy or sense of intimacy; many medical people coming and goingMay be pressured to have medical procedures performed
Must follow hospital rules around eating and drinking, number of people able to be present, wearing hospital gowns, etc.Slide17
B. Birthing CenterLocation for Delivery
Cared for by certified nurse-midwife
Close to a hospital;
can be transferred if necessary
Comfortable, home-like
environment; friends and family welcome
Can eat and drink, wear you own clothes
Usually option for water birthSlide18
Room in a Birthing CenterSlide19
Things to consider:Must move to the hospital if complications ariseLimited access to pain relief; no medications or epidurals available
Often only available in
larger towns/citiesSlide20
C. Home BirthLocations for Delivery
Chosen because of the comfort of being at home and in charge of the birthing process
Very low percentage (less than 2%) of births in Canada
Usually attended by a nurse-midwifeSlide21
Set up for a birth at homeSlide22
Things to consider:Need to be close to a hospital in case of complicationsNo pain medication/epidural available
Risk of infant mortality is 2-3X higher for home births vs. hospital or birthing center