Alaska USA Mollie Taylor and Ilana Zyatitsky Department of Geology Colby College Professor Robert Nelson Jan Plan 2015 Geographic Setting 6029N 15244W 177 km SW of Anchorage ID: 276331
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Slide1
Redoubt Volcano
Alaska, USA
Mollie Taylor and
Ilana
Zyatitsky
Department of Geology, Colby College
Professor Robert Nelson – Jan Plan 2015Slide2
Geographic Setting
60°29’N 152°44’W
177 km SW of
Anchorage
few hundred kilometers
from
½ of Alaska’s population)Slide3
Tectonic SettingSlide4
Formation History
880,000 y.a
.
Early explosive
stage
340,000 and 184,000
y.a
.
Early
c
one-building
stage
184,000 to 10,000 y.a.Late cone-building stage10,000 years ago to recentPost-glacial (Holocene) stageSlide5
Characteristics and Dimensions
Steep-sided, heavily-glaciated stratovolcano
Lava
dome in summit crater
Contains active steam vents and fumaroles
Drift
Glacier
3108 meters (10,197 feet) above sea level
10 km diameter at base
30-35 km
3
volumeSlide6
Eruptive History
1778… Captain
James Cook observed Redoubt
“
emitting a white smoke but no fire”
1902
…
Oldest
historic eruption
1966-
68…
11 eruptions 1989-90… 23 “major explosive events”2009… 19 “major ash producing explosions”Slide7
Seismic History
October 1989 – December 2010 10,400
+ earthquakes
within 12.5 km
of summit
Largest earthquake recorded:
M
agnitude
3.5 4/9/
09Slide8
December 1989 – April 1990
Large explosions with volcanic ash
Lava dome
growth
Repetitious dome
failure
,
high
altitude
ash
plumes,
and
pyroclastic flowsLahars and floodingSlide9
Some Effects of the 1989-90 Eruptions
Economic losses
>
$169
million
Jet aircraft’s
engines
Drift river Oil Terminal
Cook
Inlet oil
production
Drift GlacierSlide10
March 2009 – April 2009
Six months - Pre-eruptive seismic unrest July 2008
-
S
trong sulfur smell
March 22
nd
- First
magmatic explosion
with
ash column
19 major ash-producing events Pyroclastic flows Lava domes April 4th - July 1st – Final dome buildingSlide11
Some Effects of the
2009 EruptionsAirports, schools, and businesses
affected
Ashfall
affected ~
80,000km
3
R
emoval of 6,000,000 gallons of crude oil
Cook Inlet oil
production
Drift GlacierSlide12
Rocks and Deposits
Rocks (53.1-68.5%
SiO
2)
basalt to basaltic andesite lava flows
scoria deposits
andesitic ash flow deposits
accretionary
lapilli
dense
glacial ice
clasts
Products of 2009 Eruption
Andesitic
(57.5-62.5% SiO
2
)
lava and tephra
plagioclase
orthoclase
clinopyroxenes
,
amphiboles
iron-titanium oxidesSlide13
Active Monitoring
2009 Satellites
W
eb cameras
Seismic monitoring
Volcanic gas measurement
Volcanogenic lightning detection
Infrasound
Radars
Today
9 station seismic network
GPS receivers
5-10 seismometersSlide14
Other
Pertinent Info?
Tourism
Some recreational
activity
Geothermal energy
None
Hydrothermal activity
N
oneSlide15
Future Hazards?
Volcanic ash cloudsVolcanic ash fallout
Lahars and floods
Pyroclastic flows and surges
Debris avalanchesSlide16
Predicting Future
Eruptions
1989
and 2009 precursors
Increased gas emission
heat flux
snow melt in summit craterSlide17
Alaska
Volcano Observatory, 2015: Redoubt: Current Activity, at
http://www.avo.alaska.edu/activity/Redoubt.php
(accessed 24 January, 2015
)
Alaska Volcano Observatory, 2014: Redoubt Volcano description and
information,
at
http://www.avo.alaska.edu/volcanoes/volcinfo.php
?volcname
=Redoubt
(accessed 24 January, 2015)Ball, Jessica, 2009: Redoubt Volcano – Alaska, at http://geology.com/volcanoes/redoubt/ (accessed
24
January 2015
Bryson, George, 2009: Fifth explosion rocks Mount Redoubt volcano,
http
://www.adn.com/article/20090322/fifth-explosion-rocks-mount-redoubt-volcano
(accessed 24 January, 2015
)
Chouet
, Bernard, 2002: Volcanoes Talking,
at
http
://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/volcano
/
chouet.html
(
accessed 26 January, 2015
)
Fisher
, Richard, 1997:
Volcanoes: Crucibles of Change.
Princeton, New
Jersey
: Princeton University Press;
153
-155 pp.
BibliographySlide18
Bibliography (cont.)
Hemming, Bryan, 2009: The Road, at
http
://theroadcartoons.blogspot.com/2009/03
/mount
-redoubt
-
erupts.htm
(accessed 25 January, 2015
)
National Park Service, 2015: Introducing Lake Clark’s Volcanoes, at http://www.nps.gov/lacl/naturescience/volcanoes.htm (accessed 24 January, 2015)Oregon State University, 1984: Redoubt,
at
http
://volcano.oregonstate.edu/redoubt
(accessed 24
January
,
2015)
Power, John, 2011. The 2009 Eruption of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska.
Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys; Report of Investigations #5
.
Power, John, S.D.
Stihler
, B.A.
Chouet
, M.M. Haney and D.M.
Ketner
, 2011:
Seismic observations of Redoubt Volcano, Alaska – 1989-2010 and a conceptual model of the Redoubt magmatic system.
Journal
of
Volcanology and Geothermal Research
, vol. 259, pp. 31-44.
The Alaska Range Project, 2013: Where the peaks have no name, at
thealaskarange.com
(accessed 27 Ja
nuary 2015)
Waythomas
, Christopher F., Joseph M.
Dorava
, Thomas P. Miller,
Christina
A. Neal, and Robert G.
McGimsey
, 1998: Preliminary Volcano-Hazard Assessment for Redoubt Volcano, Alaska 97-857; 1-38 p.