Science Starter Think of a time when you got really sick What did you have What did the doctor give you as medicine 1 What things can make you sick A pathogen is a bacteria virus or other microorganism that can cause disease ID: 776913
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Slide1
How Do Bacteria Make You Sick
Slide2Science Starter:
Think of a time when you got really sick. What did you have? What did the doctor give you as medicine?
Slide31. What things can make you sick?
A
pathogen
is a bacteria, virus, or other microorganism that can cause disease.
Our focus will be on bacteria and viruses.
They look similar, but are actually very different. Drugs that work for one will not work for the other.
Staphylococcus bacteria
Influenza virus
Slide4Video: Frontline: Hunting the Nightmare Bacteria ~13 minutes
https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/hunting-the-nightmare-bacteria/
Answer the questions as you watch the video
1. What was Addie’s first symptom?
2. How did she get the staph infection?
3. What is ECMO?
4. What are the risks of ECMO?
5. Why are gram negative bacteria hard to treat?
6. What is “panresistant” ?
7. Why couldn’t they perform a lung transplant?
*Pause movie here*
*** Write two questions you still have about this case.
Slide53. How does a person get a bacterial infection?
Bacteria can enter the body through:
-
cut
in the skin
- eating contaminated
food
- drinking contaminated
water
- sexual transmission
- through the
air
- bites from animalsRash caused by syphilis infection.
Slide64. Food-Borne Illnesses
-infections of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract caused by contaminated food
-Common symptoms of foodborne illnesses include vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and chills.
Food Safety Rules
1. Cook food thoroughly
2. Clean area / wash hands
3. Refrigerate promptly
4. Don’t cross contaminate
Slide75. Food Poisoning vs “Stomach Flu”
The “stomach flu” is caused by a
virus.
Also known as viral gastroenteritis, the
usage of the word “flu” to describe the illness is somewhat misleading.
Viruses that cause upset stomach, diarrhea, and vomiting:
rotovirus
adenovirus
norovirus
Influenza or “the flu” is a respiratory virus, vomiting is not its main symptom.
Food poisoning develops after consuming food that has been contaminated with
bacteria
.Symptoms can occur suddenly (hours)
Slide86. Animal Vectors that spread disease
The Black Plague
was caused by bacteria from the bites of fleas.
Lyme disease
is transmitted by ticks
Typhus
is transmitted by fleas and body lice
Rabies
transmitted in saliva from dogs, bats, and other mammals
Lyme Disease Rash
Slide10Typhus Rash
Slide117. Bacteria on surfaces
Bacteria are single celled
prokaryotes
that live all around us.
Most do not cause
infections.
The
skin is the first defense against dangerous bacteria, but some can get in through cuts.
Do you think some surfaces have more bacteria than others? List 4 places that you think might have the most bacteria.
Fun fact: the skin is the largest organ of the body.
Slide128. Growing Bacteria
Bacteria live on surfaces, but can grow into
colonies
if given the right environment and nutrients.
Bacteria divide by
binary fission
.
Bacteria can be grown in petri dishes on nutrient agar
.
Surfaces can be swabbed to test for the presence of bacteria.
Slide139. Defenses Against Bacteria
The first line of defense is the
skin
The nose has
mucus
to trap particles
Mouth and stomach have digestive
enzymes
Eyes have
tearsFriendly
bacteria
Fun fact: Snot is just a build up of mucus as the body attempts to flush out harmful bacteria or toxins.
Slide1410. The Anatomy of a Splinter
When a splinter pierces the skin the
immune system
responds.
Mast cells release
histamines
which causes swelling.
Slide1511. White Blood Cells Destroy Bacteria
White blood cells are
macrophages
, the word means “big eater.” They leave the blood and enter the wound site where they eat bacteria.
They can become so large that they die.die
Pus
is just dead white blood cells.
12. Antibiotics
If your immune system cannot control the spread of bacteria, doctors may prescribe antibiotics.
Antibiotics were discovered by Alexander Fleming, who notices that mold growing in a petri dish stopped the bacteria from growing.
This mold was penicillin!
Slide1713. Mass Production of Penicillin
It wasn’t until 1940 that penicillin was mass produced
It was used during
WWII
to save wounded soldiers
We were finally able to cure infectious diseases like syphilis and
gonorrhea
.
Scientists declared the end to all infectious diseases. Were they right?
Take the Health Practices Survey → biol.co/heprac
Slide1814. How Bacteria Evolve
Evolution
occurs when organisms with favorable traits
survive
and produce more
offspring
.Bacteria have variations in their
genes which result in variations in their cell walls and capsules.
Some bacteria are naturally resistant to antibiotics.
Slide1915. Finish Your Antibiotics
Bacteria, a few are resistant.
Antibiotics kill most of the bacteria.
Resistant bacteria survive and reproduce.
Antibiotics are not as effective.
Slide2016. Post-Antibiotic Era
Consider Addie’s Story
What are the consequences of resistant bacteria?
How can this problem be solved?
Slide21Should you be worried?