PPT-1 The Ribosome Flow Model

Michael Margaliot School of Electrical Engineering Tel Aviv University Israel Tamir Tuller Tel Aviv University Eduardo D Sontag Rutgers University Joint work with Gilad Poker. Raj Shah. DNA Replication. In order for cells to divide, we must replicate our DNA.. To do this, we start by unwinding our DNA double helix.. Next, an enzyme (DNA polymerase) attaches to one of the DNA strands and copies our DNA.. HMS. (Preliminary). March 24, 2014. Rosa Aguilar. Computational Hydraulics and Hydrology. www.mahometaquiferconsortium.org. Surface Runoff. Water flow that occurs when the soil is infiltrated to full capacity and excess water from rain, . DNA .  RNA  Protein. 2 Major Steps. Transcription. – DNA is transcribed (copied!) into single stranded mRNA . (DNA code transcribed into RNA code). Translation. – mRNA is translated into protein (amino acids). Michael Margaliot. School of Elec. Eng. . Tel Aviv University, Israel. . Tamir Tuller . (Tel Aviv University). Eduardo D. Sontag (Rutgers University). Joint work with: . 2. Overview. Ribosome flow. By . Anil Chakka. Reece . Umbarger. Jake . Zevitz. What are ribosomes?. -. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. -Rough ER. -Nucleus (nucleolus) . -Golgi apparatus. -Floating in cytoplasm. Functions of Ribosomes. Translation. DNA and Translation. Gene. : . section. of DNA that creates a specific . protein. Approx. . 25,000. human genes. Proteins are used to . build. cells and tissue. Protein . synthesis. involves . Michael . Margaliot. School of Electrical Engineering . Tel Aviv University, Israel. Why Study Monotone Systems?. An easy to check sufficient condition . for monotonicity. . 2. Monotonicity implies strong global results . Qifeng. Chen. Stanford University. Vladlen. . Koltun. Intel Labs. Optical flow. Motion field between two image frames. Optical flow. Motion field between two image frames. Image 1. Image 2. optical flow. From RNA to Protein. Translation. Steps of Translation. MESSENGER RNA. Polypeptide chains are specified by open reading frames. Three possible reading frames of E. coli . trp. leader sequence. An mRNA sequence is decoded in set of three nucleotides. Vitor Sousa. IST, UTL. Inês Meireles. UA. Jorge Matos. IST, UTL. Maria do Céu Almeida. LNEC. OUTLINE. Introduction. Experimental study. Numerical code. Numerical model implementation. Conclusions. 1. INTRODUCTION. ribosome. Rough . endo. . reticulum. cell membrane. peroxisome. smooth. endoplasmic. reticulum. lysosome. CARBOHYDRATES. free ribosome. ER. S-S. cell membrane. glycoprotein. free. ribosome. ER-attached. Understanding. Simple. Cells. Key Engineering Ideas. Removal of unnecessary complexity. Simplification with standard reusable parts. Hierarchical design. Modular construction. Standards of construction and measurement. RNA. During protein synthesis certain specific regions of DNA (the genes) are copied into a polynucleotide of a chemically and functionally different type known as . ribo. nucleic acid.. RNA is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of nucleotide monomers that acts as a messenger between DNA and . . It . involves a chemical reaction run in a continuous flow stream.  The process offers potential for the efficient manufacture of chemical products. . . Recent . breakthroughs using Vapourtec systems are in production of .